Are respiratory infections contagious – Everything you need to know

Infections of the respiratory system can cause a range of unpleasant symptoms, from cough and sore throat to fever and difficulty breathing. But one pressing question remains: are respiratory infections contagious?

Respiratory infections, such as the common cold, influenza, and COVID-19, are often caused by viruses that can easily spread from person to person. This means that if you come into contact with someone who has a respiratory infection, you could be at risk of catching it yourself.

When a person with a respiratory infection coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing the virus can be released into the air. These droplets can then be inhaled by others nearby, allowing the infection to spread. Additionally, the virus can also be transmitted through close contact, such as touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching your face.

Understanding Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are a common type of infection that affect the respiratory system, which includes the lungs, throat, and sinuses. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens that are easily transmitted from person to person.

The Contagious Nature of Respiratory Infections

One of the key characteristics of respiratory infections is their contagiousness. Respiratory infections can easily spread through respiratory droplets, which are released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can then be inhaled by others, leading to infection.

Respiratory infections can also be transmitted through close contact with an infected individual, such as touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus or bacteria and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

The Importance of Preventive Measures

Given their contagious nature, it is crucial to take preventive measures to reduce the spread of respiratory infections. These measures include:

• Frequent handwashing: Washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can help remove potentially infectious particles.
• Using hand sanitizers: When soap and water are not available, using hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol can be effective in killing pathogens.
• Covering coughs and sneezes: Using a tissue or the crook of the elbow to cover coughs and sneezes can prevent respiratory droplets from spreading.
• Wearing masks: Wearing masks can help reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets.
• Practicing social distancing: Maintaining a safe distance from others can minimize the risk of respiratory infection transmission.

Overall, understanding the contagious nature of respiratory infections is essential in implementing effective preventive measures to limit their spread.

Types of Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are a group of infectious diseases that affect the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, sinuses, and lungs. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms.

There are various types of respiratory infections which can be classified based on the part of the respiratory system they affect or the pathogen causing the infection:

Common cold

The common cold is a viral infection that primarily affects the nose and throat. It is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets.

Influenza

Influenza, or the flu, is a viral respiratory infection that affects the nose, throat, and lungs. It is highly contagious and can cause mild to severe illness, and in some cases, it can be fatal.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a bacterial or viral infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. It can be contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. TB is contagious and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Other types of respiratory infections include bronchitis, sinusitis, strep throat, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Each type of infection has its own specific symptoms and treatment options.

If you suspect that you have a respiratory infection, it is important to seek medical attention and follow proper precautions to prevent further spread of the infection.

Transmission of Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are highly contagious diseases that can easily spread from person to person. These infections can be transmitted through various routes, including:

1. Droplet transmission:	This occurs when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, releasing respiratory droplets into the air. These droplets can be inhaled by individuals in close proximity, leading to the transmission of respiratory infections.
2. Contact transmission:	This mode of transmission occurs when a person comes into direct contact with respiratory secretions, such as saliva or nasal discharge, from an infected individual. This can happen through activities like kissing, sharing utensils, or touching contaminated surfaces.
3. Airborne transmission:	In some cases, respiratory infections can be transmitted through airborne particles. These particles are smaller and lighter than respiratory droplets, allowing them to remain suspended in the air for longer periods. Inhalation of these aerosolized particles can lead to infection.
4. Fecal-oral transmission:	Some respiratory infections, such as viral gastroenteritis, can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route. This occurs when a person ingests food or water contaminated with infectious respiratory pathogens.

It is important to note that the contagiousness of respiratory infections can vary depending on the specific pathogen involved. Some infections, like the common cold, may be more contagious than others, such as tuberculosis. Proper hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, can help reduce the risk of transmission.

Common Symptoms of Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are a common type of infection that affect the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, lungs, and other parts of the respiratory tract. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens, and they can be highly contagious.

When a person has a respiratory infection, they may experience a range of symptoms. Some common symptoms of respiratory infections include:

• Coughing
• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat
• Shortness of breath
• Chest congestion
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Loss of appetite

These symptoms can vary in severity and duration depending on the specific type of respiratory infection and the individual’s overall health. It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone you know is experiencing severe symptoms or if the symptoms persist for an extended period of time.

In addition to these common symptoms, respiratory infections can also lead to complications such as pneumonia or bronchitis. These complications may cause additional symptoms and require further medical treatment.

To reduce the risk of respiratory infections and prevent their spread, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick. Vaccines are also available for certain respiratory infections, such as the flu, which can help prevent infection or reduce the severity of symptoms.

Causes of Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are caused by various viruses, bacteria, and fungi. These infectious agents can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, direct contact, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face or mouth.

The most common contagious respiratory infections include the common cold, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These infections are highly contagious and can easily spread in crowded places such as schools, offices, and public transportation.

Viral Causes

Viral respiratory infections are the most common type of respiratory infections. They are caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus. These viruses can infect the nose, throat, and lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, and fever.

Bacterial Causes

Bacterial respiratory infections are less common than viral infections but can still cause severe illness. Examples include bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. These infections are caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bordetella pertussis. Bacterial respiratory infections often require treatment with antibiotics.

Infectious Agent	Examples of Respiratory Infections
Viruses	Common cold, influenza, RSV
Bacteria	Pneumonia, tuberculosis, whooping cough
Fungi	Aspergillosis, histoplasmosis

In addition to viruses and bacteria, fungal respiratory infections can also occur, although they are less common. Fungal respiratory infections are usually caused by inhaling fungal spores present in the environment. Examples include aspergillosis and histoplasmosis.

It is important to take precautions such as practicing good hand hygiene, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals to reduce the risk of respiratory infections.

Diagnosing Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are a common occurrence and can range from mild colds to severe illnesses such as pneumonia. It is important to diagnose these infections accurately in order to provide appropriate treatment and prevent further spread of the disease.

One of the key factors in diagnosing respiratory infections is understanding whether they are contagious or not. Contagious respiratory infections, such as the flu or COVID-19, can spread easily from person to person through respiratory droplets. On the other hand, some respiratory infections may not be contagious, like a sinus infection.

Medical History

When diagnosing respiratory infections, healthcare professionals will often start by taking a detailed medical history. This involves asking questions about symptoms, duration of the illness, and any possible exposure to contagious respiratory infections. A thorough medical history can provide important clues for accurate diagnosis.

Physical Examination

A physical examination is another important step in diagnosing respiratory infections. It allows the healthcare provider to assess the patient’s overall health and look for specific signs of infection, such as fever, cough, or abnormal lung sounds. The examination may also include checking the throat, nose, and ears for any abnormalities.

Laboratory Tests

In some cases, laboratory tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of a respiratory infection. These tests can include throat swabs, sputum samples, or blood tests. The samples are then analyzed in a laboratory to detect the presence of pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, that may be causing the infection.

Rapid diagnostic tests, such as rapid antigen tests for COVID-19, are becoming increasingly available and can provide quick results. These tests can be especially helpful in identifying contagious respiratory infections.

Overall, diagnosing respiratory infections requires a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for providing appropriate treatment and implementing measures to prevent the further spread of contagious respiratory infections.

Treatment for Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are contagious illnesses that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat, and lungs. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi and can range from mild to severe. It is important to seek treatment for respiratory infections to prevent further complications and to minimize the spread of the infection to others.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing a respiratory infection typically involves a physical examination and may also include laboratory tests such as a throat culture or a chest X-ray. The healthcare provider will assess the symptoms, such as cough, congestion, fever, and difficulty breathing, to determine the cause of the infection.

Treatment Options

The treatment for respiratory infections depends on the specific cause of the infection. In the case of viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza, treatment is usually focused on managing the symptoms and allowing the body’s immune system to fight off the infection. This can include over-the-counter medications for pain and fever, plenty of rest, and staying hydrated.

If the respiratory infection is caused by bacteria, antibiotics may be prescribed to target the specific type of bacteria involved. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed for certain viral respiratory infections, such as influenza. These medications can help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if taken within a certain timeframe after the onset of symptoms.

For severe respiratory infections or those that do not improve with traditional treatments, hospitalization may be required. In the hospital, patients may receive intravenous fluids, supplemental oxygen, or other specialized treatments to support respiratory function.

Prevention

Preventing the spread of respiratory infections is key to reducing the overall impact of these contagious illnesses. This can be done by practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick. It is also recommended to stay up to date on vaccinations, such as the influenza vaccine, to help prevent certain respiratory infections.

In conclusion, respiratory infections are contagious and can be caused by various pathogens. Seeking prompt treatment and following the prescribed treatment plan is important for managing symptoms, preventing complications, and reducing the spread of infection. Additionally, practicing good hygiene and following preventative measures can help to minimize the risk of respiratory infections.

Preventing Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are contagious and can spread easily from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. However, there are measures that can be taken to help prevent the spread of respiratory infections:

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Avoid close contact with individuals who are sick or showing symptoms of a respiratory infection.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues properly.
• Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth, as these are common entry points for respiratory infections.
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and cell phones.
• Stay home if you are feeling sick or have symptoms of a respiratory infection to prevent spreading it to others.
• Practice good respiratory etiquette by maintaining good hygiene and following the recommended guidelines from health authorities.

By taking these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of contracting or spreading respiratory infections.

When to See a Doctor

If you suspect that you have a contagious respiratory infection, it is important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment. Common signs of a respiratory infection include cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose, congestion, and difficulty breathing.

If you are experiencing mild symptoms, such as a common cold, it is generally recommended to rest, stay hydrated, and take over-the-counter medications for symptom relief. However, if your symptoms worsen or persist for more than a week, it is advisable to seek medical attention.

In some cases, a respiratory infection may progress to a more severe condition, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. If you develop high fever, chest pain, severe cough, shortness of breath, or any other concerning symptoms, it is crucial to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Additionally, certain groups of people are at higher risk of complications from respiratory infections. This includes young children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. If you fall into any of these categories and suspect you have a respiratory infection, it is important to consult a doctor promptly.

Remember, early detection and appropriate treatment are essential in managing contagious respiratory infections and preventing the spread of the infection to others. By seeking medical attention when necessary, you can help protect yourself and those around you.

Contagious Period of Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections are highly contagious illnesses that can spread easily from person to person. The contagious period of these infections varies depending on the specific type of infection.

Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is highly contagious and can be passed from person to person through respiratory droplets. The contagious period for influenza typically begins one day before symptoms develop and can continue for up to seven days after becoming sick.

Common Cold

The common cold is another respiratory infection that is highly contagious. It is mainly spread through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces. The contagious period for the common cold usually starts a few days before symptoms appear and can last for up to two weeks after becoming infected.

It is important to note that some individuals may be contagious even if they do not exhibit any symptoms. This is why respiratory infections can spread so easily within communities and why it is essential to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

Additionally, certain respiratory infections, such as tuberculosis, may have a longer contagious period. In the case of tuberculosis, the contagious period can extend for several weeks or even months.

To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, individuals who are infected should stay home from work, school, or other public places until they are no longer contagious. It is also advisable to avoid close contact with infected individuals and to seek medical attention if experiencing symptoms of a respiratory infection.

How Respiratory Infections Spread

Respiratory infections are contagious diseases that can be easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. These droplets are released when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, talks, or even breathes. The respiratory droplets can contain tiny particles of the infectious virus or bacteria.

When a person breathes in these respiratory droplets, they can become infected with the respiratory infection. The close proximity to an infected person increases the risk of transmission, especially if proper hygiene practices are not followed.

Direct Transmission

The most common way respiratory infections spread is through direct transmission. This occurs when respiratory droplets from an infected person enter the body of a healthy person through the mouth, nose, or eyes. For example, if an infected person sneezes and someone nearby inhales the droplets, they can become infected.

Indirect Transmission

Respiratory infections can also be spread indirectly through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. If an infected person coughs or sneezes into their hands and then touches a doorknob or another surface, the virus or bacteria can be left behind. When a healthy person touches the contaminated surface and then touches their face, they can introduce the infection into their body.

It is important to note that respiratory infections are most contagious during the first few days of illness. However, some infections can still be spread even after symptoms have subsided.

Prevention is key in reducing the spread of respiratory infections. Simple measures such as frequent handwashing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals can greatly reduce the risk of transmission.

It is crucial to stay informed about respiratory infections in order to protect yourself and others. Following proper hygiene practices and staying up to date with vaccinations can help prevent the spread of these contagious diseases.

Precautions to Prevent Infection Spread

Respiratory infections are highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person. Taking precautions to prevent the spread of infection is crucial in protecting yourself and others. Here are some important measures you can take:

1. Stay Hygienic

Practicing good hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of respiratory infections. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the restroom, before eating, and after coughing or sneezing. If soap and water are not readily available, use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.

2. Cover Your Mouth and Nose

When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow to prevent respiratory droplets from spreading in the air. Dispose of used tissues immediately and wash your hands afterwards.

3. Wear a Mask

Wearing a mask is an effective way to prevent the transmission of respiratory infections, especially when in close contact with others. Follow local guidelines and wear a mask in crowded places, public transportation, and any setting where maintaining physical distance is a challenge.

It is important to note that masks should not replace other preventive measures, but rather be used in addition to them.

4. Maintain Physical Distance

Keep a safe distance from others, ideally at least 6 feet, especially if they are coughing, sneezing, or showing any symptoms of a respiratory infection. Avoid crowded places and large gatherings where the risk of exposure is higher.

5. Stay Home if Sick

If you are experiencing any symptoms of a respiratory infection, such as cough, fever, or difficulty breathing, stay home and avoid contact with others. Seek medical advice and follow the guidelines provided by healthcare professionals.

By following these precautions, you can help limit the spread of respiratory infections and protect yourself as well as those around you.

Managing Respiratory Infections in Public Places

Infections that affect the respiratory system are highly contagious and can spread easily in public places. Respiratory infections, such as the common cold, flu, and COVID-19, are primarily transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. As these droplets can travel through the air and land on surfaces, it is crucial to implement effective strategies to manage respiratory infections in public settings.

Practice Good Respiratory Hygiene

One of the most critical steps in managing respiratory infections is practicing good respiratory hygiene. This includes covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing, disposing of used tissues properly, and washing your hands thoroughly afterward. By doing so, you can minimize the spread of respiratory droplets and reduce the risk of infecting others in public places.

Maintain Social Distancing

Social distancing plays a vital role in preventing the transmission of respiratory infections. By keeping a safe distance of at least six feet from others, you can reduce the chances of coming into contact with respiratory droplets. This is particularly important in crowded public places, where there is a higher risk of respiratory infections spreading. Avoid close contact with individuals who are coughing, sneezing, or showing other symptoms of respiratory illness.

In conclusion, managing respiratory infections in public places requires a combination of practicing good respiratory hygiene and maintaining social distancing. By following these measures, we can help minimize the spread of respiratory infections and protect the health of ourselves and those around us.

Protecting Vulnerable Individuals from Infection

Respiratory infections are highly contagious, making it crucial to take necessary precautions to protect vulnerable individuals.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, young children, and those with chronic medical conditions, are at a higher risk of developing severe complications from respiratory infections. It is important to implement preventive measures to reduce their exposure to contagious pathogens.

One of the best ways to protect vulnerable individuals is to practice proper hand hygiene. Regularly washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds helps eliminate germs. Alternatively, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can be effective in situations where soap and water are not readily available.

In addition to hand hygiene, it is essential to encourage respiratory etiquette. This includes covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or the elbow when coughing or sneezing. Proper disposal of used tissues and frequent disinfection of commonly touched surfaces can help minimize the risk of transmission.

Furthermore, promoting social distancing measures can significantly reduce the spread of respiratory infections. Encouraging vulnerable individuals to avoid close contact with sick individuals and crowded areas can limit their exposure to contagious pathogens.

Lastly, ensuring that vulnerable individuals receive appropriate vaccinations can offer protection against specific respiratory infections. Vaccinations such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are particularly important for this demographic.

By implementing these preventive measures, we can help protect vulnerable individuals from respiratory infections and minimize the impact of contagious diseases on their health.

Respiratory Infections and Travel

Respiratory infections are highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person. This is particularly concerning for those who are traveling, as they may come into contact with different people and environments, increasing their risk of infection.

Precautions to Take

• Before traveling, it is important to ensure that you are up to date on all necessary vaccinations, including those for respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumonia. These vaccinations can help prevent the spread of infection and protect both you and those around you.
• While traveling, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently with soap and water, or using hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available. Avoid touching your face, as this can introduce pathogens into your respiratory system.
• Avoid close contact with individuals who are exhibiting symptoms of a respiratory infection, such as coughing or sneezing. If possible, maintain a distance of at least six feet from others, especially in crowded areas.
• Wear a mask, especially in situations where social distancing is not possible or if you are in close proximity to individuals who may be infected. Masks can help reduce the spread of respiratory infections by trapping droplets that may contain pathogens.
• Be mindful of your surroundings and avoid crowded places as much as possible. Respiratory infections can spread more easily in crowded areas, so it is important to be cautious and minimize your risk of exposure.

Seeking Medical Attention

If you develop symptoms of a respiratory infection while traveling, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. This is particularly important if you have been in close contact with someone who is known to have a respiratory infection.

Remember to follow local guidelines and recommendations regarding testing and quarantine protocols. By taking these precautions, you can help protect yourself and others from the spread of respiratory infections while traveling.

What to Do if Exposed to a Respiratory Infection

If you have been exposed to a respiratory infection and are worried about becoming infected yourself, there are several steps you can take to protect yourself and prevent the spread of the infection. Keep in mind that respiratory infections can be highly contagious, so it’s important to take precautions.

1. Monitor your symptoms: Pay close attention to any changes in your health, such as a cough, sore throat, fever, or difficulty breathing. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention and get tested for the infection as soon as possible. Remember, early detection can help prevent the spread of the infection to others.

2. Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth, as this can introduce the infection into your body. Use hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.

3. Wear a mask: If you are in close contact with someone who has a respiratory infection, it’s important to wear a mask to protect yourself and others. Make sure the mask covers your nose and mouth completely and fits snugly against the sides of your face. Dispose of used masks properly and wash reusable masks regularly.

4. Practice social distancing: Stay at least 6 feet away from others, especially if they are coughing, sneezing, or exhibiting any symptoms of a respiratory infection. Avoid crowded places and close contact with people who are sick.

5. Stay home: If you have been exposed to a respiratory infection, it’s important to stay home and avoid contact with others, especially if you are experiencing symptoms. This will help prevent the spread of the infection to others in your community.

6. Follow healthcare guidelines: Stay updated on the latest guidelines and recommendations from healthcare authorities, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the World Health Organization (WHO). These organizations provide valuable information on how to prevent the spread of respiratory infections and what to do if you have been exposed.

Remember, taking these precautions can help protect yourself and others from respiratory infections. It’s important to act responsibly and do your part to prevent the spread of contagious infections in your community.

Question and answer:

What are common respiratory infections?

Common respiratory infections include the common cold, flu, bronchitis, pneumonia, and COVID-19.

How do respiratory infections spread?

Respiratory infections can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. They can also spread by touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.

Can respiratory infections be contagious before symptoms appear?

Yes, some respiratory infections can be contagious before symptoms appear. For example, a person with COVID-19 can spread the virus even before they develop symptoms.

How long do respiratory infections remain contagious?

The contagious period varies depending on the specific respiratory infection. For example, the common cold is most contagious during the first 2-3 days of symptoms, while COVID-19 can be contagious for up to 10 days or longer.

What precautions can I take to prevent the spread of respiratory infections?

To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, it is important to practice good hand hygiene, cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, avoid close contact with sick individuals, and wear a mask in public settings.

Can respiratory infections be transmitted from one person to another?

Yes, respiratory infections can be transmitted from one person to another through various means, such as respiratory droplets or direct contact.

How long is a respiratory infection contagious?

The contagious period of a respiratory infection can vary depending on the specific infection. In general, most respiratory infections are contagious for a few days up to a week.

What are some common respiratory infections that are contagious?

Common respiratory infections that are contagious include the common cold, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

How can I prevent spreading a respiratory infection?

To prevent spreading a respiratory infection, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with others when sick.