Giardia Parasite – Understanding the Symptoms, Transmission, and Prevention of this Common Intestinal Infection

Giardia is a microscopic parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the world, with millions of cases reported each year.

This parasite, known scientifically as Giardia lamblia, is found in contaminated water sources such as streams, lakes, and wells. It can also be transmitted through person-to-person contact or by consuming contaminated food.

When a person ingests giardia, the parasite attaches itself to the lining of the small intestine and begins to reproduce. This can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. In severe cases, giardia infection can cause weight loss and malnutrition.

Fortunately, giardia infection can be treated with medication and most people recover fully. However, it is important to take precautions to avoid infection, such as practicing good hygiene, avoiding contaminated water sources, and properly treating water before consumption.

Giant microorganisms: Giardia parasite

Giardia is a microscopic parasite that can cause giardiasis, a common intestinal infection in humans and animals. Despite its small size, Giardia has a significant impact on the health of its hosts.

Giardia parasites are often referred to as “giant microorganisms” due to their ability to survive and reproduce in the small intestines of their hosts. They are pear-shaped and have two nuclei, which distinguish them from other parasites. Giardia is also equipped with a flagella, which enables it to move and attach itself to the lining of the intestines.

The life cycle of Giardia starts when an infected host passes the parasite’s cysts in their feces. These cysts can survive in the environment for weeks, allowing them to spread easily. Once ingested by a new host, the cysts transform into trophozoites, the active form of Giardia. The trophozoites then colonize the small intestine, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating.

Giardia can affect both humans and animals, with contaminated water being a common source of infection. It is estimated that millions of cases of giardiasis occur worldwide each year. Good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and drinking clean water, can help prevent the spread of the parasite.

Key points about Giardia:
1. Giardia is a microscopic parasite that can cause giardiasis.
2. Giardia is often referred to as a “giant microorganism” due to its ability to survive and reproduce in the intestines.
3. Giardia has a pear-shaped body with two nuclei and flagella.
4. The life cycle of Giardia involves cysts being passed in feces, surviving in the environment, and then transforming into trophozoites in a new host.
5. Contaminated water is a common source of Giardia infection.
6. Good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of Giardia.

In conclusion, Giardia is a fascinating yet problematic parasite that can cause intestinal infection in both humans and animals. Its ability to survive and reproduce in the intestines and its common source of infection through contaminated water make it a major health concern. By understanding the life cycle and taking preventive measures, we can better protect ourselves and others from this microscopic giant.

History of Giardia parasite discovery

The Giardia parasite was first discovered in 1681 by the Dutch microbiologist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Using his newly-invented microscope, Leeuwenhoek was able to observe the parasite in the intestines of a dog he was dissecting, and he described it as a “multiform animalcule”. However, the significance of his discovery was not fully appreciated at the time, and it would be many years before researchers would understand the impact of this tiny organism.

In the late 19th century, the Italian physician Alfredo Castellani conducted extensive research on intestinal parasites, and in 1882 he described a protozoan parasite that he observed in the stools of patients suffering from diarrhea. He named the parasite “Giardia lamblia” in honor of his colleague, Vittorio Giardina, who had done previous work on the parasite. Castellani’s work helped to establish Giardia as a distinct species and laid the foundation for future research.

Throughout the 20th century, advances in microscopy and other scientific techniques allowed researchers to better understand the life cycle and epidemiology of the Giardia parasite. It was discovered that the parasite exists in two forms – a cyst form that is transmitted through contaminated food or water, and a trophozoite form that is found in the intestines of infected individuals.

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on studying Giardia due to its high prevalence in developing countries and its impact on global health. Researchers are working to develop more effective treatments and vaccines to combat this persistent and often debilitating parasite.

Life cycle and reproduction of Giardia parasite

During reproduction, Giardia parasites undergo a process known as binary fission. This means that one parasite divides into two, resulting in two separate trophozoites. This process can occur rapidly, leading to a high reproduction rate within the host.

The life cycle begins when a host ingests the cyst form of the Giardia parasite. The cysts are resistant to harsh environmental conditions and can survive in water and food sources. Once inside the host, the cysts travel to the small intestine, where they are exposed to the acidic environment of the stomach.

Upon reaching the small intestine, the cysts undergo a transformation into trophozoites. The trophozoites attach themselves to the lining of the intestine using a specialized structure called a ventral disk. They then reproduce through binary fission, causing damage to the intestinal lining and leading to the characteristic symptoms of giardiasis.

After a period of reproduction and growth, some trophozoites undergo encystation, where they form cysts. These cysts are then excreted from the host through feces, ready to infect new hosts. The cysts can survive in water and other environments for an extended period, making them a significant source of transmission.

In conclusion, the life cycle and reproduction of the Giardia parasite involve alternating between the active trophozoite stage and the dormant cyst stage. This cycle allows the parasite to spread and survive in various environments, making it a persistent and widespread parasite.

Transmission and spread of Giardia parasite

Giardia parasite is a microscopic organism that can cause a diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It can be found in the feces of infected humans and animals, and it is typically spread through contaminated water and food.

When a person or an animal becomes infected with giardia, the parasite can be shed in their stool. If this stool contaminates the water supply, such as in lakes, rivers, or wells, the parasite can survive and infect others who come into contact with the contaminated water.

In addition to waterborne transmission, giardia can also be spread through food. Fruits and vegetables that have been washed or irrigated with contaminated water can carry the parasite. Similarly, food handlers who are infected with giardia can unknowingly contaminate food that is consumed by others.

Direct person-to-person transmission can also occur, particularly in settings where proper hygiene practices are not followed. This can happen when individuals do not thoroughly wash their hands after using the toilet or changing diapers.

Ingesting giardia is the primary mode of transmission, but the parasite can also be spread through contact with surfaces or objects that have been contaminated with feces containing giardia cysts. This can happen when individuals touch the contaminated surface and then touch their mouth, nose, or eyes.

Prevention of Giardia Infection

Preventing giardia infection involves practicing good hygiene and taking precautions to avoid exposure to contaminated water and food. Some simple steps to prevent giardia infection include:

• Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before handling or consuming food
• Avoiding drinking untreated water from lakes, rivers, or wells. Boiling water or using water filters can help reduce the risk of giardia infection
• Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consuming them
• Ensuring that food handlers follow proper hygiene practices, such as washing hands before handling food and avoiding food contamination
• Disinfecting surfaces and objects that may have come into contact with stool or feces

Conclusion

Transmission and spread of giardia parasite occurs primarily through contaminated water and food. It is important to practice good hygiene and take precautions to prevent giardia infection. By following proper hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to contaminated sources, the risk of giardia infection can be minimized.

Method of Transmission	Examples
Waterborne transmission	Drinking contaminated water from a lake
Foodborne transmission	Eating fruits irrigated with contaminated water
Person-to-person transmission	Not washing hands after using the toilet
Surface contact transmission	Touching a contaminated surface and then touching the mouth

Epidemiology of Giardia infection

Giardia is a microscopic parasite that can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. It is one of the most common parasites found in the intestinal tract of humans worldwide.

Giardia infection, also known as giardiasis, occurs through the ingestion of the parasite, usually from contaminated food or water sources. It can also be spread through person-to-person contact or through close contact with infected animals.

The exact number of Giardia infections is difficult to determine as many cases go unreported, but it is estimated that there are millions of cases each year globally. The infection is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, as well as in developing countries with limited access to clean water and proper waste disposal systems.

Giardiasis can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in young children and those who travel to or live in areas with a high prevalence of the parasite. Outbreaks of giardiasis can occur in settings such as daycare centers, schools, nursing homes, and camps.

Symptoms of giardiasis can vary but may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and weight loss. In some cases, the infection can be asymptomatic, meaning that a person may be infected with Giardia but not show any symptoms.

Prevention of Giardia infection involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating or preparing food, and avoiding contaminated water and food sources. In areas where the risk of infection is high, it may be necessary to treat water with filters, boiling, or disinfection methods to kill the parasite.

Overall, understanding the epidemiology of Giardia infection is crucial in preventing and controlling the spread of this parasitic disease. By implementing proper hygiene practices and ensuring access to clean water, the incidence of Giardia infection can be significantly reduced.

Signs and symptoms of Giardia infection

Giardia is a parasite that infects the intestines of humans and animals. The infection, called giardiasis, can cause a variety of signs and symptoms. Common symptoms include:

Signs and Symptoms
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain or cramping
Nausea or vomiting
Gas or bloating
Fatigue
Weight loss
Greasy stools
Dehydration
Foul-smelling stools

The symptoms of giardia infection can vary in severity and duration. Some people may experience mild symptoms that come and go, while others may have more severe and persistent symptoms. It is important to note that not everyone infected with giardia will develop symptoms.

If you suspect you may have a giardia infection, it is important to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. The infection can be diagnosed through a stool sample analysis, and antiparasitic medications are commonly used to treat giardiasis. Prompt treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of infection to others.

Diagnosis of Giardia infection

Diagnosing a Giardia infection can be challenging as the parasite is microscopic and not always easily detectable. There are several methods used to diagnose the presence of Giardia:

1. Stool sample analysis: The most common method of diagnosing Giardia infection is by analyzing a stool sample. The sample is examined under a microscope to look for the presence of Giardia cysts or trophozoites. Multiple stool samples may be required as the parasite is not always shed consistently.

2. Antigen and antibody tests: Antigen tests detect the presence of specific proteins produced by Giardia. Antibody tests, on the other hand, detect the presence of antibodies produced by the body as a response to the infection. These tests can be done on blood samples or stool samples.

3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing: PCR testing is a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting the DNA of Giardia. This method can be used on stool samples or other clinical samples to provide a definitive diagnosis.

It is important to note that a negative test result does not necessarily rule out a Giardia infection, as the parasite may not always be present in detectable amounts. Therefore, if symptoms persist or there is a strong suspicion of Giardia infection, additional testing may be required.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and the spread of the infection. If a Giardia infection is suspected, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper testing and treatment.

Treatment options for Giardia infection

When it comes to treating a giardia infection, there are several options available. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the overall health of the individual. Here are some common treatment methods:

1. Medications

Medications are often prescribed to treat giardia infection. Antiparasitic drugs such as metronidazole and tinidazole are commonly used. These medications work by killing the giardia parasite in the digestive system. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the full course of treatment to ensure the complete eradication of the parasite.

2. Drinking clean water

Since giardia is primarily transmitted through contaminated water, one of the key prevention strategies is to drink clean and safe water. Boiling water for at least one minute or using water filters that can remove the giardia parasite are effective methods to prevent infection.

3. Good hygiene practices

Practicing good hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of giardia infection. This includes washing hands with soap and clean water before and after using the toilet, before handling food, and after coming into contact with animals or contaminated surfaces. Proper sanitation and hygiene can help reduce the risk of infection.

4. Avoiding high-risk areas

Avoiding high-risk areas, such as swimming in untreated water sources or consuming food from unreliable sources, can greatly reduce the chances of giardia infection. It is important to be cautious while traveling to countries or regions with poor sanitation practices and to take necessary precautions to avoid exposure to contaminated water or food.

If you suspect you have a giardia infection or experience symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional will be able to properly diagnose the infection and provide appropriate treatment options based on your specific condition.

Prevention of Giardia infection

Preventing the spread of Giardia infection is crucial in minimizing the risk of contracting the parasite. Here are some preventive measures that can be taken:

1. Practice good hygiene

Washing hands with soap and clean water before and after using the toilet, handling food, and touching animals can help reduce the transmission of Giardia. Encouraging proper hygiene practices in children is also essential.

2. Ensure safe water supply

Ensure that the water you drink is safe by treating it or using a reliable water source. Boiling water, using water filters, or adding water disinfecting tablets are some ways to make water safe from Giardia contamination.

Preventive Measures	Description
3. Avoid consuming contaminated food and water	Avoid consuming raw or undercooked food, especially meat and seafood, as they can be potential sources of Giardia infection. Additionally, avoid drinking water from potentially contaminated sources, such as lakes or streams.
4. Practice safe sexual behaviors	Using condoms and practicing good personal hygiene during sexual activities can help prevent transmission of Giardia and other sexually transmitted infections.
5. Be cautious while traveling to endemic areas	When traveling to areas where Giardia is prevalent, it is important to take extra precautions. Avoid consuming local tap water, wash fruits and vegetables with bottled or treated water, and maintain good hygiene practices.

Implementing these preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of Giardia infection and promote overall well-being.

Risk factors for Giardia infection

Giardia infection, caused by the Giardia parasite, can be acquired through various means. Certain risk factors increase the likelihood of contracting this infection.

1. Contaminated water sources

One of the primary risk factors for Giardia infection is the consumption of contaminated water. If water sources, such as wells, lakes, or rivers, are contaminated with Giardia cysts, individuals who consume that water may become infected. It is important to ensure that water sources are properly treated and tested for Giardia contamination.

2. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices

Lack of proper sanitation and hygiene practices can greatly increase the risk of Giardia infection. This includes failure to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, or before handling food. Fecal-oral transmission is a common route of infection, and practicing good hygiene can help reduce this risk.

3. Close contact with infected individuals or animals

Close contact with individuals or animals infected with Giardia can lead to transmission of the parasite. This can occur through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or by ingesting cysts present on the fur or feathers of infected animals. It is important to practice good hygiene and avoid contact with infected individuals or animals to reduce the risk of infection.

4. Travel to areas with poor sanitation

Traveling to regions with inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices increases the risk of Giardia infection. This is particularly true in developing countries where access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities may be limited. It is important to take precautions such as avoiding uncooked foods and drinking only filtered or boiled water in these areas.

By being aware of these risk factors and taking appropriate preventive measures, such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding contaminated water sources, individuals can reduce their risk of Giardia infection and promote overall health and well-being.

Giardia infection in children

Giardia is a parasite that can cause gastrointestinal infections in children. The infection is known as giardiasis and is common in children, especially those who are in close contact with contaminated water or unsanitary environments.

Children can become infected with Giardia by swallowing the parasite in contaminated food or water. The parasite can survive in harsh conditions and is resistant to chlorine, allowing it to persist in untreated water sources such as lakes, rivers, and wells.

Symptoms of Giardia infection in children can vary but commonly include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea. In some cases, the infection may cause weight loss and malnutrition, particularly in severe and chronic cases.

To prevent the spread of Giardia infection in children, it is important to practice good hygiene and sanitation. This includes washing hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating or preparing food, and after using the toilet or changing diapers.

Parents should also ensure that children avoid drinking water from potentially contaminated sources, such as untreated community water supplies or swimming pools. Boiling water or using water filters can help eliminate the parasite.

If a child is diagnosed with Giardia infection, treatment may involve the use of medications prescribed by a healthcare professional. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to eliminate the parasite from the body.

Overall, awareness and understanding of Giardia infection in children can help parents and caregivers take necessary precautions to prevent and treat this common parasitic infection.

Giardia infection in adults

Giardia is a microscopic parasite that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in both children and adults. While it is commonly associated with children, adults can also be infected.

In adults, giardia infection is often caused by consuming contaminated food or water. This can happen when traveling to areas with poor sanitation or consuming food that was prepared in unsanitary conditions.

Symptoms

The symptoms of giardia infection in adults can vary, but commonly include:

• Diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps
• Gas and bloating
• Nausea
• Weight loss

In some cases, giardia infection can cause more severe symptoms such as dehydration, malabsorption, and fatigue.

Treatment

If you suspect you have a giardia infection, it is important to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Treatment typically involves taking prescription medication to kill the parasite.

In addition, it is important to stay hydrated and consume a healthy diet while recovering from giardia infection. Avoiding foods and beverages that may exacerbate symptoms, such as caffeine and alcohol, may also be recommended.

Prevention is key in avoiding giardia infection. It is important to practice good hygiene, wash hands frequently, and avoid consuming water or food that may be contaminated. When traveling to areas with poor sanitation, it is recommended to drink only bottled water or water that has been boiled or treated with a disinfectant.

Complications of Giardia infection

Giardia infection, caused by the giardia parasite, can lead to a number of complications if left untreated. These complications can arise due to the persistent presence of giardia in the intestines and the damage it can cause to the digestive system.

One of the most common complications of giardia infection is malabsorption. This occurs when the giardia parasite interferes with the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. As a result, individuals with giardia infection may experience diarrhea, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies.

In some cases, giardia infection can also lead to lactose intolerance. The giardia parasite damages the lining of the small intestine, which can disrupt the production of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose. As a result, individuals with giardia infection may experience abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products.

In rare cases, giardia infection can also lead to complications such as reactive arthritis and chronic fatigue syndrome. These complications are thought to occur due to the body’s immune response to the giardia parasite. The immune system may mistakenly attack healthy cells and tissues, leading to inflammation and other symptoms.

It is important to seek treatment for giardia infection to prevent these complications. Treatment typically involves medications that can help eliminate the giardia parasite and alleviate symptoms. Additionally, maintaining proper hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contaminated food and water sources, can also help prevent giardia infection and its associated complications.

Impact of Giardia infection on public health

Giardia is a protozoan parasite that can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans. The infection, known as giardiasis, is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease worldwide.

Giardia infection can have a significant impact on public health. It is estimated that over 280 million cases of giardiasis occur annually, resulting in approximately 500,000 deaths. The parasite is particularly prevalent in developing countries with poor sanitation and limited access to clean drinking water.

Giardia can be transmitted through contaminated food and water, as well as through person-to-person contact. The parasite can survive in various environmental conditions, making it highly contagious and easily spread.

Individuals infected with Giardia may experience symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. These symptoms can be debilitating and persistent, leading to malnutrition and dehydration, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly.

Furthermore, giardiasis can have long-term health effects. Chronic infections can lead to malabsorption of nutrients, which can result in stunted growth in children and impaired cognitive development. In addition, the parasite can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to other infections and diseases.

Preventing and controlling the spread of Giardia infection is crucial for public health. Good hygiene practices, such as handwashing with soap and clean water, can help prevent transmission. Treatment options include medication to eliminate the parasite and prevent further spread.

Overall, the impact of Giardia infection on public health is significant, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean water. Efforts to improve hygiene practices and provide clean drinking water are essential in reducing the burden of giardiasis and improving overall public health.

Research and development in Giardia infection treatment

Giardia infection, caused by the Giardia parasite, is a common gastrointestinal illness that affects millions of people worldwide. While the standard treatment for Giardia infection is currently available, ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the efficacy and reducing the side effects of existing treatments, as well as exploring new therapeutic options.

Current Treatment Options

The current treatment for Giardia infection involves the use of antiprotozoal medications, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. These medications work by targeting the Giardia parasite and killing it, thus alleviating the symptoms and eradicating the infection. However, the effectiveness of these drugs can vary from person to person, and some individuals may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort.

Researchers are currently exploring ways to improve the standard treatment for Giardia infection, such as developing new drug formulations with enhanced bioavailability and streamlined treatment regimens. These efforts aim to increase the effectiveness of treatment, minimize side effects, and improve patient compliance.

Alternative Therapies

In addition to the standard medication-based treatment, researchers are also investigating alternative therapies for Giardia infection. These include herbal remedies, probiotics, and dietary interventions. Some studies have shown promising results in using certain herbal extracts and probiotics to reduce the severity and duration of Giardia infection symptoms. However, further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these alternative therapies and to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines.

Future Directions

The future of research and development in Giardia infection treatment holds great promise. Scientists are exploring new drug targets and developing novel antiparasitic compounds specifically designed to target the Giardia parasite. Additionally, advancements in immunotherapy and vaccine development may offer new avenues for preventing and treating Giardia infection. These promising developments may lead to more effective and personalized treatment options for individuals affected by Giardia infection.

Research and Development in Giardia Infection Treatment
Improving efficacy and reducing side effects of existing treatments Developing new drug formulations with enhanced bioavailability Exploring alternative therapies such as herbal remedies and probiotics Investigating new drug targets and antiparasitic compounds Advancements in immunotherapy and vaccine development

Emerging trends in Giardia infection control

Giardia is a common intestinal parasite that affects humans and animals, causing gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the control and prevention of Giardia infection.

Improved diagnosis methods

One emerging trend in Giardia infection control is the development of more accurate and efficient diagnosis methods. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as microscopic examination of stool samples, are often time-consuming and may produce false-negative results. However, newer methods, such as enzyme immunoassays and molecular tests, have shown improved sensitivity and specificity in detecting Giardia infections.

Enhanced water treatment processes

Since Giardia is often transmitted through contaminated water sources, another emerging trend in infection control is the enhancement of water treatment processes. Conventional water treatment methods, such as chlorination, are effective in removing Giardia cysts from water. However, emerging technologies, such as ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and advanced filtration systems, offer additional layers of protection against Giardia contamination.

Intensifying public health campaigns

Public health campaigns play a crucial role in increasing awareness about Giardia infection and promoting preventive measures. Emerging trends in infection control include intensified public health campaigns that focus on educating the public about the risks of Giardia infection, proper hygiene practices, and the importance of safe drinking water sources.

Research on new treatment options

In addition to prevention, there is ongoing research on developing new treatment options for Giardia infection. Current treatment for Giardia typically involves anti-parasitic medications, such as metronidazole and nitazoxanide. However, emerging trends in infection control involve exploring alternative therapies, such as probiotics and herbal remedies, that may help in reducing the severity of symptoms and preventing recurrent infections.

In summary, emerging trends in Giardia infection control include improved diagnosis methods, enhanced water treatment processes, intensified public health campaigns, and research on new treatment options. These advancements offer hope in reducing the burden of Giardia infection and improving the overall health and well-being of individuals affected by this parasite.

Q&A:

What is Giardia parasite?

Giardia parasite is a microscopic parasite that can cause diarrheal illness in humans.

How can someone get infected with Giardia parasite?

Giardia parasite can be found in soil, food, water, or surfaces that have been contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals. People can get infected by swallowing Giardia parasite in recreational water, drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food.

What are the symptoms of Giardia infection?

The symptoms of Giardia infection may include diarrhea, gas, greasy stools, stomach cramps, upset stomach, dehydration, and weight loss.

How is Giardia infection diagnosed?

Giardia infection is diagnosed by testing a stool sample. The sample is examined under a microscope to look for the presence of Giardia parasite.

How is Giardia infection treated?

Giardia infection can be treated with prescription medications, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. It is important to take the medication as prescribed and to finish the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully cleared.

What is Giardia?

Giardia is a single-celled parasite, commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals.

How is Giardia transmitted?

Giardia is usually transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water that contains the parasite.

What are the symptoms of Giardia infection?

The symptoms of Giardia infection may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and weight loss.