Hepatitis B Symptoms in Men – Recognizing the Warning Signs and Seeking Timely Care Can Save Lives

When it comes to hepatitis B, men need to be aware of the symptoms and potential risks. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, and it can have serious consequences if left untreated. Although anyone can be at risk for hepatitis B, men in particular should pay close attention to their health and be proactive in seeking medical care.

One of the key reasons why men should be vigilant about hepatitis B is that they are more likely to have symptoms than women. Common symptoms of hepatitis B in men include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and jaundice. These symptoms can vary in severity, and it is important for men to recognize the signs and seek medical attention if they experience any of them.

Another important factor for men to consider is the mode of transmission for hepatitis B. The virus is primarily spread through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. This means that men who engage in high-risk behaviors such as unprotected sex, sharing needles, or getting tattoos or piercings with unsterilized equipment are at a higher risk for contracting hepatitis B. By understanding the ways in which the virus can be transmitted, men can take steps to protect themselves and reduce their risk.

In conclusion, hepatitis B is a serious infection that can have severe consequences for men. By being aware of the symptoms and potential risks, men can take proactive steps to protect their health. It is important for men to recognize the signs of hepatitis B and seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms. Additionally, men should also be aware of the ways in which the virus can be transmitted and take precautions to reduce their risk. With knowledge and vigilance, men can minimize their chances of contracting hepatitis B and maintain their overall health and well-being.

What Is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can be spread through contact with blood or other body fluids of an infected person. This includes sexual contact, sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, and from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.

Most people who are infected with hepatitis B do not have symptoms at first. However, as the virus multiplies and attacks the liver, symptoms can develop. These symptoms may include fatigue, dark urine, pale stools, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and nausea.

Men are equally at risk of contracting hepatitis B as women. It is important for men to be aware of the symptoms of hepatitis B and to seek medical attention if they experience any of these symptoms. Men who engage in high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex or intravenous drug use, are at a higher risk of contracting the virus.

Early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B is important in preventing serious complications. This may involve antiviral medications to help control the virus and protect the liver. It is also important for men to take steps to prevent the spread of hepatitis B, such as practicing safe sex, using clean needles, and getting vaccinated.

Hepatitis B Transmission

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It can be transmitted from person to person through various routes, including:

1. Sexual contact

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. Men who have sex with men are at a higher risk of contracting the virus. It is important to use barrier methods, such as condoms, to reduce the risk of transmission.

2. Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sharing needles, syringes, or other drug paraphernalia that has been contaminated with the virus. Men who inject drugs are at a higher risk of contracting the virus and should always use sterile equipment.

It is important for men to be aware of these transmission routes and take necessary precautions to reduce their risk of contracting hepatitis B. Vaccination is also available to protect against hepatitis B and is recommended for all adults, especially those at higher risk.

Risk Factors for Hepatitis B

Being aware of the risk factors for hepatitis B can help men identify their potential susceptibility to the virus. While anyone can contract hepatitis B, there are certain factors that can increase a man’s chances of being infected. These risk factors include:

• Engaging in unprotected sex with multiple partners
• Having sex with a partner who has hepatitis B
• Being a man who has sex with men
• Using intravenous drugs or sharing needles
• Working in a healthcare setting or being exposed to blood or bodily fluids
• Having close contact with someone who has hepatitis B
• Being born to a mother with hepatitis B
• Travelling to regions with a high prevalence of hepatitis B

It is important for men who fall into any of these risk categories to be aware of their potential risk for hepatitis B and to take appropriate precautions to prevent infection. Regular testing, practicing safe sex, avoiding drug use, and getting vaccinated against hepatitis B can help reduce the risk of contracting the virus.

Hepatitis B Symptoms

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. While both men and women can contract the virus, men may experience specific symptoms.

The symptoms of hepatitis B in men are similar to those in women and can vary from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

Symptom	Description
Fatigue	Feeling tired or exhausted even after resting.
Loss of appetite	A decreased desire to eat or a lack of interest in food.
Nausea and vomiting	Feeling sick to your stomach and throwing up.
Abdominal pain	Pain or discomfort in the area below the ribs and above the pelvis.
Dark urine	Urine that is darker in color than usual.
Jaundice	A yellowing of the skin and eyes.
Fever	An elevated body temperature.
Joint pain	Pain and inflammation in the joints.

If you experience these symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare provider for evaluation and testing. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further liver damage and complications.

Early Signs of Hepatitis B in Men

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to significant health problems if not properly treated. It is important for men to be aware of the early signs of hepatitis B so that they can seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Some of the early signs of hepatitis B in men include:

Symptom	Description
Fatigue	Men with hepatitis B may experience extreme tiredness and lack of energy.
Loss of Appetite	Hepatitis B can cause a decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss.
Nausea and Vomiting	Men with hepatitis B may experience feelings of nausea and may vomit frequently.
Abdominal Pain	Hepatitis B can cause pain or discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen.
Dark Urine	The urine of men with hepatitis B may become dark or brownish in color.
Jaundice	Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and eyes and is a common symptom of hepatitis B.
Fever	Sometimes, men with hepatitis B may experience a mild fever.

If you are a man experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Hepatitis B can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes, but it is important to start treatment as early as possible to prevent complications.

Acute Symptoms of Hepatitis B in Men

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It can cause a range of symptoms in men, with varying severity. Acute symptoms of hepatitis B usually appear within 1 to 4 months after exposure to the virus.

1. Fatigue

One of the most common symptoms of hepatitis B in men is fatigue. It is characterized by a feeling of extreme tiredness and lack of energy. This fatigue can be debilitating and may interfere with daily activities.

2. Loss of Appetite

Hepatitis B can also cause a loss of appetite in men. They may have little to no interest in eating, and may experience weight loss as a result. This loss of appetite can further contribute to fatigue and weakness.

In addition to fatigue and loss of appetite, men with acute hepatitis B may also experience:

• Abdominal pain and discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark urine
• Pale stools
• Joint pain
• Fever

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention to determine if you have hepatitis B. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and further spread of the virus.

It is important to note that some men with acute hepatitis B may not experience any symptoms at all. However, they can still transmit the virus to others, so it is essential to practice safe sex and avoid sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia.

If you think you may have been exposed to hepatitis B, speak to your healthcare provider about getting tested. They can recommend the appropriate tests and provide guidance on treatment options.

Remember, early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in managing hepatitis B and reducing its impact on your health.

Chronic Symptoms of Hepatitis B in Men

Men who are infected with Hepatitis B can experience chronic symptoms that can have a significant impact on their health and well-being. It is important for men to be aware of these symptoms, as early detection and treatment can help prevent complications.

1. Fatigue

One of the most common chronic symptoms of Hepatitis B in men is fatigue. Men may feel constantly tired and lack energy, even after getting enough rest. This fatigue can interfere with daily activities and make it difficult to enjoy a normal quality of life.

2. Abdominal pain and discomfort

Men with chronic Hepatitis B may experience abdominal pain and discomfort. This can range from mild discomfort to severe pain. The pain can be constant or intermittent and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as bloating or nausea.

3. Jaundice

Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and eyes that can occur in men with chronic Hepatitis B. This occurs when the liver is not functioning properly and is unable to filter out bilirubin from the blood. Jaundice can be a sign of serious liver damage and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

4. Loss of appetite

Men with chronic Hepatitis B may experience a loss of appetite. This can lead to unintended weight loss and malnutrition. It is important for men to maintain a healthy diet and seek medical attention if they are experiencing a significant loss of appetite.

5. Joint pain and stiffness

Hepatitis B can cause joint pain and stiffness in men. This can make it difficult to move and perform daily activities. Men may also experience swelling and inflammation in the joints. It is important to seek medical attention if joint pain persists or worsens over time.

Men with chronic Hepatitis B should be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if they are experiencing any of them. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and improve overall quality of life.

Hepatitis B Diagnosis

Diagnosing hepatitis B in men involves several steps to accurately determine the presence of the virus in their body. It is crucial to receive a proper diagnosis in order to initiate the necessary treatment and prevent further complications.

Medical History: The first step in the diagnosis process is taking a thorough medical history of the individual. The healthcare provider will ask questions about potential risk factors such as exposure to infected blood or body fluids, sharing needles, or engaging in unprotected sex.

Physical Examination: A physical examination is conducted to assess any signs or symptoms of hepatitis B. The healthcare provider may check for enlarged liver or spleen, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and other physical manifestations of the disease.

Blood Tests: Blood tests play a crucial role in diagnosing hepatitis B. The two common blood tests used are the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test and the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) test. The HBsAg test detects the presence of the virus, while the anti-HBc test detects antibodies produced in response to the virus.

Liver Function Tests: Liver function tests may be conducted to assess the overall health of the liver and evaluate any liver damage caused by hepatitis B. These tests measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins in the blood.

Imaging Tests: In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be recommended to visualize the liver and assess its condition.

Biopsy: In certain situations, a liver biopsy may be performed to obtain a small sample of liver tissue for further analysis. This helps in determining the extent of liver damage and assessing the need for treatment.

It is important for men to undergo the necessary diagnostic tests if they suspect they may have been exposed to hepatitis B. Early diagnosis can lead to timely intervention and better management of the disease.

Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis B

If you are experiencing symptoms of hepatitis B or if you suspect that you may have been exposed to the virus, it is important to get tested as soon as possible. The following are some of the diagnostic tests that can be used to confirm a hepatitis B infection:

• Blood tests: A blood test can detect the presence of the hepatitis B virus by looking for specific antigens and antibodies. These tests can also determine the level of liver enzymes, which can indicate liver damage.
• Liver function tests: These tests measure the levels of certain substances in your blood that can indicate how well your liver is functioning. Abnormal levels can be a sign of liver damage caused by hepatitis B.
• PCR test: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test can detect the presence of the hepatitis B virus by amplifying its genetic material. This test is highly sensitive and can detect the virus even in low levels.
• Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be used to examine the liver and determine the extent of liver damage caused by hepatitis B.
• Liver biopsy: In some cases, a liver biopsy may be performed to obtain a small sample of liver tissue for further examination. This can help determine the severity of liver damage and guide treatment decisions.

If you are concerned about hepatitis B, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional who can recommend the appropriate tests based on your symptoms and medical history. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further liver damage and complications.

Understanding Hepatitis B Test Results

When it comes to hepatitis B, understanding the test results is crucial. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause a wide range of symptoms in men, but testing can help determine the presence and severity of the infection.

There are several types of tests that can be performed to diagnose hepatitis B in men.

• Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test: This test detects the presence of HBV in the blood. A positive result means that the person is currently infected with HBV.
• Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) test: This test detects antibodies produced by the body in response to HBV infection or vaccination. A positive result means that the person is immune to HBV.
• Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) test: This test detects antibodies produced by the body in response to HBV infection. A positive result means that the person has been infected with HBV in the past.
• Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) test: This test detects a protein present in the blood when the virus is actively replicating. A positive result indicates that the person is highly infectious.
• Hepatitis B viral load test: This test measures the amount of virus in the blood. It helps determine the severity of the infection and the effectiveness of treatment.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to interpret the test results accurately. They can provide guidance on the next steps, such as further testing or treatment options.

Regular testing for hepatitis B is recommended for men who are at high risk, such as those who engage in unprotected sex, have multiple sexual partners, or inject drugs. Early detection and treatment can help prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of complications.

Remember, if you have any concerns or symptoms related to hepatitis B, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Your healthcare provider can help determine the appropriate tests and provide appropriate care.

Hepatitis B Prevention

Preventing hepatitis B is crucial in order to avoid the symptoms and complications associated with the disease. Here are some important preventive measures:

• Vaccination: The hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection. It is recommended for all infants, as well as adults who may be at high risk, such as healthcare workers and individuals with multiple sexual partners.
• Safe sex: Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sexual contact, so using barrier methods such as condoms can help reduce the risk of infection.
• Don’t share needles: The virus can also be spread through contaminated needles, so it’s important to never share needles or other drug paraphernalia.
• Practice good hygiene: Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water can help prevent the spread of hepatitis B, especially in settings where there may be exposure to bodily fluids.
• Use caution with blood products: If you require a blood transfusion or any other procedure that involves contact with blood or bodily fluids, ensure that proper screening and sterilization measures are in place.
• Avoid sharing personal items: Items such as toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers can carry traces of blood and should not be shared with others.
• Get tested: If you suspect you may have been exposed to hepatitis B, it’s important to get tested. Early detection can lead to timely treatment and better outcomes.
• Education and awareness: Stay informed about the risks and symptoms of hepatitis B. Share this information with others to help increase awareness and prevent the spread of the disease.

By following these preventive measures, men can reduce their risk of contracting hepatitis B and protect their health.

Vaccination Against Hepatitis B

Vaccination is an essential step for men to protect themselves against hepatitis B, especially considering the potential symptoms and health risks associated with the virus. Hepatitis B is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can lead to severe liver damage if left untreated. It can be transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids.

Getting vaccinated is the most effective way for men to prevent hepatitis B. The hepatitis B vaccine is safe and highly recommended for all adults, including men. It involves a series of three doses, typically given over a 6-month period. The vaccine stimulates the body’s immune system to produce antibodies that fight off the hepatitis B virus.

By getting vaccinated, men can significantly reduce their risk of contracting hepatitis B. Vaccination not only protects the individual but also helps prevent the spread of the virus to others. It is especially important for men who engage in high-risk behaviors, such as having multiple sexual partners, using drugs, or working or living in environments where there is a higher prevalence of hepatitis B.

It is important for men to be aware of the symptoms of hepatitis B, which can include fatigue, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. However, not everyone with hepatitis B will experience symptoms, making vaccination even more crucial as a preventive measure.

In conclusion, vaccination against hepatitis B is essential for men to protect themselves from the virus and its potential symptoms. Men should consult with their healthcare provider to determine their eligibility for the vaccine and to receive the necessary doses. By taking this proactive step, men can safeguard their health and reduce the risk of hepatitis B transmission.

Safe Sex Practices

When it comes to protecting yourself and others from hepatitis B, practicing safe sex is crucial. Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, so taking preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of contracting the virus.

Use Condoms

Consistently using condoms during sexual intercourse can greatly reduce the chances of transmitting hepatitis B. Condoms act as a barrier, preventing direct contact with infected bodily fluids, including semen and vaginal fluids, that may contain the virus.

Get Vaccinated

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B infection. Men should ensure they are up to date with their hepatitis B vaccine, especially if they engage in sexual activities with multiple partners or have a partner who is infected.

It’s important to note that the hepatitis B vaccine does not offer immediate protection, and it may take several doses over a period of months to develop full immunity. Therefore, it’s essential to complete the entire vaccine series as recommended by healthcare professionals.

Furthermore, men who are unsure of their vaccination status or have not been vaccinated should consider getting tested for hepatitis B. Testing can determine if the virus is present, and if necessary, vaccination can be administered.

Practice Open Communication

Engaging in open and honest communication with sexual partners is crucial to maintaining safe sex practices. Sharing information about hepatitis B, including any potential exposure or symptoms, can help partners make informed decisions about their sexual health.

It’s important to remember that safe sex practices are not only beneficial for preventing hepatitis B but also for reducing the risk of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Regular testing and open communication can help promote a healthy and safe sexual environment for all.

Preventing Hepatitis B Transmission in Healthcare Settings

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can cause symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain. It is important for men to be aware of the risk of contracting hepatitis B and to take steps to prevent transmission. In healthcare settings, there are specific precautions that can be taken to prevent the spread of hepatitis B.

First and foremost, healthcare workers should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. This is an important step in preventing transmission, as vaccination can help to protect against infection. In addition, healthcare workers should follow strict infection control practices, including using personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks when coming into contact with body fluids.

In healthcare settings, it is also important to properly disinfect equipment and surfaces. Hepatitis B can survive outside of the body for up to seven days, so it is crucial to clean and disinfect any equipment that may come into contact with blood or other body fluids. This includes instruments, such as needles and syringes, as well as surfaces such as countertops and floors.

Furthermore, healthcare workers should follow proper hand hygiene practices. This means washing hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available. Proper hand hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of hepatitis B, as well as other infectious diseases.

Lastly, healthcare workers should be educated about the signs and symptoms of hepatitis B, so that they can recognize and respond to potential cases. Early detection and treatment of hepatitis B can help to prevent further transmission.

Overall, preventing hepatitis B transmission in healthcare settings is crucial for the health and safety of both patients and healthcare workers. By following proper infection control practices, including vaccination, using personal protective equipment, disinfecting equipment and surfaces, practicing proper hand hygiene, and being aware of the signs and symptoms of hepatitis B, healthcare workers can play a key role in preventing the spread of this infectious disease.

Hepatitis B Treatment

When it comes to hepatitis B, there are several treatment options available for men. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of the infection and other factors determined by a healthcare professional.

One common treatment for hepatitis B is antiviral medication. These medications can help reduce the amount of virus in the body and slow down the progression of the disease. It’s important to note that antiviral medications do not cure hepatitis B, but they can help manage the symptoms and prevent further liver damage.

In some cases, a healthcare professional may recommend interferon therapy. Interferon is a medication that helps boost the immune system’s response to the virus. It is usually given as injections and can have side effects such as flu-like symptoms and depression.

In addition to medication, lifestyle changes can also play a crucial role in hepatitis B treatment. Men with hepatitis B should avoid consuming alcohol and limit their intake of certain medications, as both can put additional stress on the liver. Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough rest can also help support the overall treatment process.

If left untreated, hepatitis B can lead to serious complications such as liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It’s important for men with hepatitis B to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan and regularly monitor their liver function.

Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can cause both acute and chronic liver disease, and if left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Antiviral therapy is the primary treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B. The goal of antiviral therapy is to suppress the replication of the virus, reduce liver inflammation, and prevent liver damage.

The choice of antiviral medication depends on various factors, including the stage of the disease, the level of viral replication, and the presence of any liver complications. Medications commonly used for hepatitis B include:

• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF): TDF is a potent antiviral drug that can effectively suppress the replication of HBV. It is generally well-tolerated and has been shown to improve liver function and reduce the risk of liver complications.
• Entecavir: Entecavir is another effective antiviral medication that can suppress HBV replication. It is well-tolerated and has a low risk of developing drug resistance.
• Lamivudine: Lamivudine is an older antiviral drug that is less commonly used due to the high rate of drug resistance. However, it can still be considered in certain situations, such as in patients with low viral replication and no signs of liver complications.

Antiviral therapy is usually prescribed for a long-term duration, as hepatitis B is a chronic condition. Regular monitoring of liver function and viral load is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and make any necessary adjustments.

It is important for men with hepatitis B to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop an individualized treatment plan. Antiviral therapy can help manage the symptoms of hepatitis B and improve long-term outcomes.

Note: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. Please consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment options.

Lifestyle Changes for Hepatitis B Management

When it comes to managing hepatitis B in men, certain lifestyle changes can make a significant difference. By adopting healthy habits and taking steps to protect your liver, you can help prevent further liver damage and improve your overall well-being.

1. Maintain a healthy diet: A nutritious diet can support your liver health and boost your immune system. Include plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your meals. Avoid foods high in saturated fats, processed sugars, and salt.

2. Limit alcohol consumption: Alcohol puts added strain on your liver and can worsen liver damage. It is important to refrain from drinking alcohol or limit your consumption to a moderate level, as advised by your healthcare provider.

3. Practice safe sex: Hepatitis B is transmitted through body fluids, including semen. It’s important to practice safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly to reduce the risk of spreading the virus to your partner.

4. Avoid sharing needles: If you use drugs, never share needles or any other drug paraphernalia. Sharing needles can expose you to hepatitis B and other bloodborne infections.

5. Get vaccinated: If you haven’t already, get vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and protect yourself from further liver damage.

It is essential for men living with hepatitis B to make these lifestyle changes and consult with their healthcare provider for personalized advice on managing the condition. By taking proactive steps, you can lead a healthier life and minimize the impact of hepatitis B on your well-being.

Question and answer:

What are the symptoms of hepatitis B in men?

The symptoms of hepatitis B in men can include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, and joint pain. However, some men may not experience any symptoms at all.

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids. It can be spread through sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.

Is hepatitis B curable?

While there is no cure for hepatitis B, the infection can usually be managed with medication. Many people are able to recover from acute hepatitis B, while others may develop a chronic infection that requires ongoing treatment.

Can hepatitis B be prevented?

Yes, hepatitis B can be prevented through vaccination. It is recommended that all infants receive the hepatitis B vaccine, as well as adults who are at high risk for infection, such as healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, and injection drug users.

What should I do if I think I have been exposed to hepatitis B?

If you believe you have been exposed to hepatitis B, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare provider can perform tests to determine if you have been infected and can provide guidance on appropriate treatment options.

What are the symptoms of hepatitis B in men?

The symptoms of hepatitis B in men can vary, but common symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and abdominal pain.