Strep A Infections in Adults – A Comprehensive Guide to Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Strep A, also known as Group A Streptococcus, is a common bacterial infection that can affect both children and adults. While it is most commonly associated with strep throat, this bacterium can also cause a range of other infections, some of which can be serious if left untreated.

In adults, strep A infections can manifest in different ways, depending on the specific type of infection. Some common symptoms include severe sore throat, high fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, and difficulty swallowing. In more severe cases, strep A can also lead to complications such as tonsillitis, sinusitis, or even cellulitis.

Diagnosing a strep A infection involves a physical examination and various laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may perform a rapid strep test, which involves swabbing the throat to check for the presence of the bacteria. If the results are inconclusive, a throat culture may be taken and sent to a laboratory for further analysis.

Treating strep A infections typically involves a course of antibiotics, which can help eliminate the bacteria and reduce symptoms. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

In addition to antibiotic treatment, individuals with strep A infections should also take measures to alleviate symptoms and speed up recovery. This may include getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and taking over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce fever and sore throat discomfort.

If left untreated, strep A infections can lead to more serious complications, such as rheumatic fever or kidney damage. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention if you suspect that you may have a strep A infection. With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most individuals can recover from strep A infections without any long-term effects.

What is Strep A?

Strep A, also known as Group A Streptococcus, is a type of bacteria that can cause various infections in adults. It is commonly found in the throat and on the skin, and can be spread through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces.

Strep A infections can range from mild to severe, with symptoms including sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and skin infections such as cellulitis or impetigo. In some cases, Strep A can also lead to more serious complications, such as rheumatic fever or invasive infections.

Diagnosis of Strep A Infections

To diagnose a Strep A infection, a healthcare provider may perform a throat swab or a skin culture to test for the presence of the bacteria. Rapid antigen tests are commonly used to quickly detect Strep A in the throat, while culture tests can provide more accurate results but take longer to obtain.

Treatment of Strep A Infections

Treatment for Strep A infections often involves a course of antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider to ensure that the infection is fully treated and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

In addition to antibiotics, supportive care measures such as rest, staying hydrated, and taking over-the-counter pain relievers can help relieve symptoms and promote recovery.

Common Symptoms of Strep A infections	Possible Complications
Sore throat	Rheumatic fever
Fever	Invasive infections
Swollen lymph nodes	Cellulitis

Strep A Infection in Adults: Overview

Strep A infection, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, is a common bacterial infection that affects adults. It is caused by the streptococcus bacteria, which can be spread through respiratory droplets or skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual.

Common symptoms of Strep A infection in adults include sore throat, fever, swollen tonsils, and difficulty swallowing. Some adults may also experience a red rash, headache, or body aches. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a Strep A infection.

Diagnosing Strep A infection in adults typically involves a throat swab or a blood test to detect the presence of the streptococcus bacteria. Treatment for Strep A infection usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria and relieve symptoms.

It is essential for adults with a Strep A infection to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, covering their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with others to prevent the spread of the infection.

While Strep A infection can be uncomfortable and sometimes serious, prompt diagnosis and treatment can help adults recover quickly and prevent complications. It is important to follow the advice of healthcare professionals and complete the full course of antibiotics to ensure the infection is fully resolved.

Common Symptoms of Strep A In Adults

Strep A, also known as Group A Streptococcus, is a bacterial infection that can affect adults. It is important to be aware of the common symptoms of Strep A in adults in order to recognize and seek medical treatment promptly.

One of the most common symptoms of Strep A in adults is a sore throat. This sore throat is often severe and may be accompanied by difficulty swallowing. The throat may also appear red and swollen.

In addition to the sore throat, adults with Strep A infection may experience fever, chills, and body aches. These flu-like symptoms can make it difficult for individuals to carry out their daily activities.

In some cases, Strep A can lead to the development of a skin rash. This rash is typically red and may be accompanied by small blisters or filled with pus. It may also be itchy and uncomfortable.

Other symptoms of Strep A in adults can include headache, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. These symptoms are often nonspecific and can be mistaken for other illnesses, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

If left untreated, Strep A can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever, kidney damage, or abscess formation. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms or suspect you may have Strep A infection.

Remember, early recognition and treatment are key to managing Strep A in adults and preventing complications. If you are experiencing symptoms, don’t hesitate to see a healthcare provider.

How is Strep A Infection Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a strep A infection involves several steps, including:

1. Medical history and physical examination:

   A healthcare provider will start by asking about the patient’s symptoms and medical history. They will then perform a physical examination, paying close attention to the throat and tonsils for signs of infection.

2. Throat swab culture:

   To confirm the presence of strep A bacteria, a throat swab culture is typically performed. During this procedure, a cotton swab is gently rubbed against the back of the patient’s throat to collect a sample. The sample is sent to a laboratory to be cultured and analyzed for the presence of strep A bacteria.

3. Rapid antigen test:

   In addition to the throat swab culture, a rapid antigen test may also be performed. This test can provide a quick result within minutes and is often used in conjunction with the throat swab culture to aid in diagnosis.

4. Blood tests:

   Blood tests may be ordered to check for signs of infection, such as an elevated white blood cell count. These tests can help determine the severity of the infection and guide treatment decisions.

It is important to note that a negative throat swab culture or rapid antigen test does not completely rule out a strep A infection. In some cases, antibiotics may still be prescribed based on the patient’s symptoms and clinical judgment.

In summary, the diagnosis of strep A infection involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, throat swab culture, rapid antigen test, and sometimes blood tests. Proper diagnosis is crucial for initiating appropriate treatment and preventing complications.

Physical Examination

During a physical examination of adults suspected to have strep A, a healthcare provider will assess various symptoms and signs. They will carefully examine the throat for any signs of redness, swollen tonsils, or white patches, which are often indicative of a strep throat infection. The provider may also check for enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, as well as assess the presence of a fever or swollen tonsils.

In addition to examining the throat, the healthcare provider may also evaluate other parts of the body for potential strep A symptoms. This can include checking for skin rashes or the presence of scarlet fever, which is characterized by a red rash that feels like sandpaper. The provider may also examine the chest and listen to the lungs to determine if there are any respiratory symptoms associated with a strep A infection.

Overall, a thorough physical examination of adults suspected to have strep A can help healthcare providers identify any visible symptoms that may indicate an infection. It is an important part of the diagnostic process and can guide further testing and treatment decisions.

Throat Swab

When adults experience symptoms of a strep A infection, a throat swab is often performed to confirm the diagnosis. A throat swab is a simple procedure in which a trained healthcare provider takes a sample of the mucus and cells from the back of the throat using a sterile cotton swab.

The procedure is relatively quick and painless, although it can cause some discomfort and a gagging sensation. It is important for adults to cooperate during the throat swab to ensure an accurate sample is obtained.

The collected sample is then sent to a laboratory, where it will be tested for the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for strep A infections. The laboratory will perform a culture test, in which the sample is placed on a special medium that helps the bacteria grow. If the bacteria are present in the sample, they will multiply and can be easily identified.

It is important for adults to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions before the throat swab. This may include avoiding eating, drinking, or smoking for a certain period of time prior to the procedure to ensure an accurate result.

The results of the throat swab test usually take a couple of days to come back. If the test confirms the presence of strep A bacteria, the healthcare provider will prescribe appropriate antibiotics to treat the infection. It is important for adults to complete the full course of antibiotics to effectively eliminate the bacteria and prevent complications.

In some cases, a throat swab may be negative for strep A bacteria even if symptoms are present. This can occur if the infection is caused by a different bacterium or if the bacteria are present in very low numbers. In such cases, additional tests may be needed to make a definitive diagnosis.

If an adult is experiencing symptoms of a strep A infection, it is important to seek medical attention and undergo a throat swab to confirm the diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the spread of the infection to others and reduce the risk of complications.

Blood Test

A blood test can be helpful in diagnosing strep A in adults. The test looks for the presence of specific antibodies that the body produces to fight off the strep A bacteria. It is important to note that a blood test alone is not enough to make a definitive diagnosis for strep A. However, it can provide valuable information for healthcare professionals when combined with other diagnostic methods.

In some cases, a healthcare provider may order a blood test if other symptoms and physical examinations suggest a possible strep A infection. The blood sample is usually taken from the arm of the patient and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Interpreting the Results

When the blood test results are available, a healthcare provider will analyze them to determine if the patient has strep A. The presence of specific antibodies in the blood can indicate an ongoing or recent infection. However, false positive results can occur, especially if the patient has recently been exposed to strep A or had a previous strep A infection.

If the blood test results are positive and other symptoms and diagnostic methods also point to strep A, a healthcare provider may then proceed with appropriate treatment. This may involve prescribing antibiotics to help the body fight off the infection and prevent further complications.

It is important to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions and complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve or disappear. This helps to ensure the strep A infection is fully eradicated.

Complications of Strep A Infection in Adults

Strep A infection, also known as group A streptococcus, can lead to various complications in adults. If left untreated or if the infection becomes severe, it can have serious consequences.

Rheumatic Fever

Rheumatic fever is a rare but serious complication that can occur following a strep A infection. It affects mainly the joints, heart, skin, and brain. Adults who develop rheumatic fever may experience symptoms such as joint pain, fever, rash, and shortness of breath. If not treated promptly, it can lead to permanent damage to the heart valves.

Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Another complication of strep A infection is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). This condition affects the kidneys and can cause symptoms such as blood in the urine, swelling in the legs and face, and high blood pressure. PSGN occurs when the strep A bacteria triggers an immune response that damages the kidneys. It is more common in adults than children.

Other potential complications of strep A infection in adults include abscesses, pneumonia, sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect a strep A infection or if your symptoms worsen despite treatment, as early intervention can help prevent complications.

Rheumatic Fever

Rheumatic fever is a rare but serious complication that can occur in adults who have untreated strep A infections. It is an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart, joints, and other parts of the body.

This condition is caused by an autoimmune response to the streptococcus bacteria. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to inflammation and damage. If left untreated, rheumatic fever can cause permanent damage to the heart valves and increase the risk of heart disease.

Common symptoms of rheumatic fever in adults include:

• Fever
• Joint pain and swelling
• Red, hot, and swollen joints
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath

Diagnosing rheumatic fever in adults can be challenging, as the symptoms can mimic other conditions. A healthcare provider may order blood tests to check for evidence of a strep infection and inflammation in the body. They may also perform a physical exam and listen to the heart for any abnormalities.

The main treatment for rheumatic fever in adults is antibiotics. The goal is to eradicate the strep bacteria and prevent further damage. Medications may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for close monitoring and additional treatments.

It is important for adults with strep A infections to seek prompt medical attention and complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent the development of rheumatic fever.

Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a rare but serious condition that can occur as a result of a strep infection. It is an immune-mediated disorder that affects the kidneys, specifically the glomeruli, which are small blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess fluid from the blood.

This condition typically develops within 1 to 3 weeks after a strep infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. It is more commonly seen in children, but can also occur in adults.

The strep bacteria produce antigens that trigger an immune response in the body. In some cases, the immune response can lead to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli. This can result in symptoms such as blood in the urine, swelling in the face, hands, or feet, high blood pressure, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis involves a physical examination, medical history review, and laboratory tests. A urine test may show the presence of blood and protein in the urine. Blood tests can measure kidney function and check for antibodies to strep bacteria.

Treatment for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis focuses on managing symptoms and supporting kidney function. This may include medications to control blood pressure and reduce inflammation, as well as dietary changes to reduce the load on the kidneys.

In most cases, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis resolves on its own within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, it can lead to complications such as kidney damage or chronic kidney disease. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor kidney function and manage any ongoing issues.

Symptoms of Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Swelling in the face, hands, or feet (edema)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Decreased urine output

Treatment Options for Strep A Infection

When it comes to treating strep A infection, there are several options available. The main goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others.

Antibiotics are the most common treatment for strep A infection. They work by killing the bacteria causing the infection. The type of antibiotic prescribed will depend on factors such as the severity of symptoms, the patient’s medical history, and any known allergies. Common antibiotics used to treat strep A infection include penicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin.

In addition to antibiotics, other medications may be used to help manage symptoms. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever, relieve pain and sore throat. Throat lozenges or sprays containing numbing agents can also provide temporary relief for a sore throat.

It is important to finish the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. This helps ensure that all the bacteria causing the infection are killed and reduces the risk of recurrence or complications.

In some cases, if the infection is severe or complications arise, hospitalization may be necessary. This allows for more intensive treatment and monitoring.

Along with medical treatment, there are some self-care measures that can be taken to promote recovery and prevent the spread of the infection. These include getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, avoiding strenuous activities, practicing good hand hygiene, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

If you suspect you have a strep A infection, it is important to seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Remember to follow your healthcare provider’s advice and complete the full course of treatment to ensure a full recovery.

Antibiotics

When it comes to treating strep throat in adults, antibiotics are usually prescribed. These medications are effective in killing the strep bacteria that cause the infection.

Commonly prescribed antibiotics for strep throat include:

• Penicillin: This is the preferred antibiotic and is usually taken for 10 days. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics to ensure that the infection is fully treated.
• Amoxicillin: This is another commonly prescribed antibiotic for strep throat. It is taken for 10 days and is effective in killing the strep bacteria.
• Cephalosporins: These antibiotics are often used as an alternative to penicillin, especially for individuals who are allergic to penicillin.

It is important to note that antibiotics only treat bacterial infections and are not effective against viral infections. Since strep throat is caused by a bacterium (Streptococcus pyogenes), antibiotics are necessary for treatment.

It is also important to finish the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before the medication is completed. This helps to ensure that all the bacteria are eliminated and reduces the risk of recurrence or complications.

Remember to always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any antibiotic treatment.

While antibiotics are effective in treating strep throat, they may have side effects. Common side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, and stomach upset.

If you experience severe or prolonged side effects, it is important to contact your healthcare provider. They can evaluate your symptoms and adjust the medication if necessary.

Do not take antibiotics that have not been prescribed to you by a healthcare professional. Taking antibiotics without a proper diagnosis and prescription can lead to antibiotic resistance, making it more difficult to treat future infections.

Home Remedies

While medical treatment is necessary for strep A in adults, there are also some home remedies that can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing. These remedies should be used in conjunction with medical treatment and not as a substitute.

1. Saltwater Gargle

Gargling with warm saltwater can help soothe a sore throat and reduce inflammation caused by strep A. Mix half a teaspoon of salt with eight ounces of warm water and gargle for 30 seconds. Spit out the solution and repeat several times a day.

2. Rest and Hydration

Resting and staying hydrated are essential for recovering from strep A. Getting plenty of rest allows the body to heal, while drinking fluids helps to flush out toxins and keep the throat lubricated.

Additionally, warm liquids like herbal tea or warm water with honey and lemon can provide relief for a sore throat.

• Avoid caffeine and alcohol, as they can dehydrate the body.
• Eat soft foods that are easy to swallow, such as soup or yogurt.
• Avoid spicy or acidic foods that can irritate the throat.

Remember to follow your doctor’s instructions and take any prescribed medications for strep A in adults. These home remedies can provide temporary relief, but they do not replace proper medical treatment.

Complications

Strep A infections can sometimes lead to complications in adults. These complications can include:

Rheumatic fever: This is a rare but serious complication that can occur after a strep A infection. It can cause inflammation in the heart, joints, and other organs.

Scarlet fever: This is a type of strep A infection that can cause a rash, fever, and sore throat. It is more common in children, but adults can still develop it.

Kidney infections: Strep A can sometimes travel from the throat to the kidneys, causing a kidney infection. Symptoms can include pain in the back or side, frequent urination, and fever.

Cellulitis: Strep A bacteria can also cause a skin infection called cellulitis. This can result in redness, swelling, and pain in the affected area.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect a strep A infection or if you experience any of these complications. Prompt treatment can help prevent further complications and promote recovery.

Preventing Strep A Infection in Adults

Strep A infection can be easily prevented in adults by following these simple steps:

1. Practice good hand hygiene by washing hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
2. Avoid close contact with individuals who have known Strep A infections, such as those who have a sore throat or are coughing.
3. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth, as this can introduce bacteria into your system.
4. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of used tissues properly.
5. Regularly clean and disinfect frequently-touched objects and surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and cell phones.
6. Avoid sharing personal items, such as utensils, towels, or drinking glasses, with others.
7. Maintain a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress, as a strong immune system can help prevent infections.
8. Consider getting vaccinated against Strep A, if available and recommended by healthcare professionals.

By incorporating these preventive measures into your daily routine, you can significantly reduce the risk of contracting a Strep A infection as an adult.

Good Hygiene Practices

Practicing good hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of strep A infections. Here are some key practices to keep in mind:

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after coughing or sneezing. Proper hand hygiene can help remove strep A bacteria from your hands and reduce the risk of transmission.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when you cough or sneeze to prevent the spread of droplets containing strep A bacteria. Dispose of used tissues properly.
• Avoid close contact with individuals who are sick or have symptoms of a strep A infection. This includes avoiding sharing utensils, cups, or personal items.
• Clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces and objects, such as doorknobs, light switches, and phones, to minimize the presence of strep A bacteria.
• Avoid touching your face, especially your mouth, nose, and eyes, as this can facilitate the entry of strep A bacteria into your body.
• Practice good respiratory hygiene. If you have symptoms of a strep A infection, such as a sore throat, fever, or swollen lymph nodes, cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing and dispose of used tissues properly.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, proper nutrition, and adequate sleep, as a strong immune system can help protect against strep A infections.

By incorporating these good hygiene practices into your daily routine, you can reduce your risk of strep A infections and help protect yourself and others.

Avoiding close contact with infected individuals

Strep A is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person through respiratory droplets. It is important for adults to avoid close contact with individuals who are infected with Strep A to prevent the spread of the bacteria. This includes avoiding kissing, sharing utensils or cups, and being in close proximity to someone who is coughing or sneezing. Washing hands frequently with soap and water or using hand sanitizer can also help reduce the risk of infection.

Vaccination

Vaccination is an important aspect of preventing strep infections in adults. It helps to build immunity against the bacteria and reduces the risk of developing strep-related illnesses.

There are currently no vaccines available specifically for strep A infections. However, there are vaccines that target other types of strep bacteria, such as strep pneumococcus. The strep pneumococcal vaccine, also known as the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), can help protect against certain pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections.

In addition to receiving the strep pneumococcal vaccine, adults can also benefit from other routine vaccinations that help boost overall immune function and prevent other infectious diseases. Some of these vaccines include the influenza vaccine, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.

It is important to discuss vaccination options with a healthcare provider to determine which vaccines are recommended based on factors such as age, medical history, and risk factors. Vaccination can help protect against strep A infections and improve overall health and wellbeing.

Vaccine	Target	Benefits
Strep pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23)	Pneumococcal diseases	Protection against pneumonia, meningitis, bloodstream infections
Influenza vaccine	Influenza viruses	Reduces risk of influenza and related complications
Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) vaccine	Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis bacteria	Prevention of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine	Human papillomavirus	Protection against HPV-associated cancers and genital warts

Q&A:

What are the symptoms of Strep A in adults?

The symptoms of Strep A in adults may include a sore throat, swollen tonsils, fever, headache, and body aches. It can also cause a red rash known as scarlet fever.

How is Strep A diagnosed in adults?

Strep A can be diagnosed in adults through a throat swab test. The doctor will take a sample of cells from the back of your throat for laboratory analysis. Rapid strep tests are also available and can give results within a few minutes.

What are the potential complications of Strep A in adults?

If left untreated, Strep A in adults can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever, kidney inflammation, sinus infections, and abscesses. It can also cause pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome in rare cases.

How is Strep A in adults treated?

Strep A in adults is typically treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.

Can Strep A in adults be prevented?

While it may not be possible to completely prevent Strep A, there are certain measures that can reduce the risk of infection. This includes maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. It is also advised to cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

What are the symptoms of Strep A in adults?

The symptoms of Strep A in adults can vary, but common symptoms include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

How is Strep A diagnosed in adults?

Strep A can be diagnosed in adults through a physical examination, where the doctor will check for signs of infection, such as swollen tonsils or white patches on the throat. A throat swab may also be taken to test for the presence of strep bacteria.

Is Strep A contagious in adults?

Yes, Strep A is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to prevent the spread of the infection.

What is the treatment for Strep A in adults?

The most common treatment for Strep A in adults is a course of antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin. These medications help to kill the bacteria and alleviate symptoms. It is important to finish the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor, even if symptoms improve.

Can Strep A lead to complications in adults?

Yes, if left untreated, Strep A can lead to complications in adults. These can include rheumatic fever, which can cause damage to the heart valves, as well as kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis) and abscesses in the throat. It is important to seek medical treatment promptly to prevent these complications.