The Mystery Behind Sticky Eyes – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Unveiled!

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis or pink eye, is a common eye condition that causes discomfort and irritation. It occurs when the thin transparent layer of tissue, called the conjunctiva, covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelids becomes inflamed.

There are several causes of sticky eyes, including bacterial and viral infections, allergies, and irritants. Bacterial conjunctivitis is often characterized by the presence of a thick yellow or green discharge that causes the eyes to become sticky, especially upon waking in the morning. Viral conjunctivitis, on the other hand, is usually accompanied by watery discharge and can be highly contagious.

Common symptoms of sticky eyes include redness, itching, swelling, increased tear production, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. In severe cases, sticky eyes may cause blurred vision and sensitivity to light. If left untreated, the condition can worsen and lead to complications, such as corneal ulcers or scarring.

Treatment for sticky eyes depends on the underlying cause. For bacterial conjunctivitis, antibiotic eye drops or ointments are usually prescribed to eliminate the infection. Viral conjunctivitis, being a self-limiting condition, typically resolves on its own within a week or two. In the meantime, over-the-counter artificial tears can help alleviate discomfort and reduce the stickiness of the eyes.

If you are experiencing sticky eyes, it is important to consult an eye care professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. They will be able to determine the cause of your symptoms and provide the necessary guidance to help you find relief.

Overview of Sticky Eyes

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis or pink eye, is a common condition characterized by the presence of sticky discharge around the eyes. This discharge can make the eyelids stick together, causing discomfort and difficulty in opening the eyes.

There are several causes of sticky eyes, including viral or bacterial infections, allergies, and blocked tear ducts. Viral and bacterial infections can be highly contagious and spread easily from person to person. Allergies, on the other hand, can be triggered by pollen, pet dander, dust mites, or other irritants. Blocked tear ducts occur when the tiny tubes that normally drain tears from the eyes to the nose become obstructed.

Symptoms of Sticky Eyes

Common symptoms of sticky eyes include:

• Presence of sticky, crusty discharge around the eyes
• Redness and irritation of the eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Watery eyes
• Itching or burning sensation in the eyes

In some cases, sticky eyes may also be accompanied by flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and body aches.

Treatment for Sticky Eyes

The treatment for sticky eyes depends on the underlying cause. Viral and bacterial infections may require the use of antibiotic eye drops or ointments to clear the infection. Allergic conjunctivitis can be managed with antihistamine eye drops or oral medications. Blocked tear ducts may require gentle massage or surgical intervention to open up the drainage pathway.

In addition to specific treatments, there are also general measures that can help alleviate the symptoms of sticky eyes. These include regularly cleaning the eyelids with a warm, damp cloth, avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, using artificial tears to keep the eyes lubricated, and practicing good hygiene to prevent the spread of infection.

If you or your child experience persistent or worsening symptoms of sticky eyes, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Sticky Eyes

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis, can be caused by various factors. The condition occurs when the conjunctiva, the thin protective membrane that covers the front of the eyes, becomes inflamed and produces excessive mucus.

Infections

One of the most common causes of sticky eyes is bacterial or viral infections. Bacterial conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is often accompanied by redness, itching, and a thick discharge. Viral conjunctivitis, on the other hand, is usually caused by the same viruses that cause the common cold and tends to cause watery discharge.

Allergies

Allergies can also lead to sticky eyes. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the eyes come into contact with allergens, such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. This can cause the eyes to become red, itchy, and produce a sticky discharge.

Additionally, certain irritants like smoke, air pollution, and chemicals can also cause the eyes to become sticky and irritated.

If you are experiencing persistent sticky eyes, it is important to consult with an eye doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment. They can help identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate medical intervention to relieve your symptoms.

Common Symptoms of Sticky Eyes

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis or pink eye, can cause a variety of symptoms that can vary in severity. Some of the most common symptoms of sticky eyes include:

1. Excessive tearing:

One of the primary symptoms of sticky eyes is an excessive production of tears. This can result in tears constantly running down the cheeks, giving the appearance of watery eyes.

2. Eye discharge:

Individuals with sticky eyes often experience a thick, sticky discharge that can accumulate around the eyelids and eyelashes. This discharge can range in color from clear to yellow or green.

In addition to excessive tearing and eye discharge, other common symptoms of sticky eyes may include redness and swelling of the conjunctiva (the lining of the eye), itching or burning sensation, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Treatment Options for Sticky Eyes

When dealing with sticky eyes, there are several treatment options available to relieve discomfort and promote healing.

• Warm Compress: Applying a warm compress to the affected eye can help soothe irritation and loosen any crust or discharge. Simply soak a clean cloth or cotton pad in warm water, wring out the excess, and gently place it over the closed eye for a few minutes.
• Gentle Cleansing: Cleaning the affected eye with a mild, tear-free baby shampoo or saline solution can help remove any debris and reduce stickiness. Use a clean cotton ball or cotton swab soaked in the solution and gently wipe along the eyelid and lashes.
• Over-the-counter Eye Drops: There are over-the-counter eye drops available that can help alleviate dryness and reduce stickiness. Look for products specifically designed to treat dry or sticky eyes, and follow the instructions provided.
• Prescription Medications: In more severe cases of sticky eyes, your doctor may prescribe medicated eye drops or ointments. These may contain antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents to treat underlying infections or inflammation.
• Proper Hygiene: Practicing good hygiene is essential for preventing and managing sticky eyes. Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes with dirty hands, and regularly clean your hands with soap and water. Additionally, avoid sharing towels or eye makeup with others.
• Eye Protection: If sticky eyes are caused by allergies or environmental irritants, wearing protective eyewear such as sunglasses or goggles can help shield the eyes from allergens, dust, or pollutants.

If sticky eyes persist or worsen despite home remedies or over-the-counter treatments, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

When to See a Doctor

If you or your child are experiencing sticky eyes, it is important to know when it is necessary to seek medical attention. While sticky eyes are often caused by simple factors such as excessive tear production or irritants in the environment, there are certain situations where it may be indicative of a more serious underlying condition.

If the sticky eyes are accompanied by severe pain, redness or swelling, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible. These symptoms could indicate an infection or inflammation of the eye, which may require medical treatment.

Persistent or Recurrent Symptoms

If the stickiness in the eyes persists for more than a few days or keeps recurring, it is advisable to schedule an appointment with an eye specialist. This could be a sign of an underlying eye condition that needs to be addressed, such as chronic conjunctivitis or a blocked tear duct.

Difficulty Opening or Closing the Eye

If you or your child are experiencing difficulty in opening or closing the affected eye due to the stickiness, it is important to consult a doctor. This could indicate a more serious issue, such as a corneal ulcer or eyelid infection.

In conclusion, while sticky eyes are often harmless and can be easily treated at home, it is essential to pay attention to any accompanying symptoms that may indicate a need for medical intervention. It is better to consult with a doctor if you have any concerns or doubts about the underlying cause of the sticky eyes.

Preventing Sticky Eyes

While sticky eyes can be a common occurrence, there are certain steps you can take to reduce the risk of developing this condition. Here are some tips to help prevent sticky eyes:

• Keep your hands clean by regularly washing them with soap and water. This will help prevent the spread of bacteria that can cause eye infections.
• Avoid touching your eyes with dirty hands or rubbing them excessively. This can introduce bacteria and other irritants into the eyes.
• Practice good hygiene when it comes to eye makeup. Avoid sharing eye cosmetics with others, and make sure to properly clean and replace your makeup regularly.
• Protect your eyes from irritants such as smoke, dust, and chemicals. Wear protective eyewear when necessary, such as goggles or safety glasses.
• Practice proper contact lens hygiene by cleaning and disinfecting them according to the instructions provided by your eye care professional.
• Avoid using expired or contaminated eye drops, as they can increase the risk of developing eye infections.
• Keep your eyes lubricated by using artificial tears or eye drops recommended by your eye care professional. This can help prevent dryness and irritation, which can contribute to sticky eyes.

By following these preventive measures, you can help keep your eyes healthy and reduce the likelihood of developing sticky eyes.

Home Remedies for Sticky Eyes

If you are experiencing sticky eyes, there are several home remedies that may provide relief and help improve your symptoms. These remedies can be used in conjunction with any medical treatments that your doctor may prescribe.

• Warm Compress: Applying a warm compress to your eyes can help loosen any crust or discharge that may be causing stickiness. Simply soak a clean cloth in warm water and gently place it over your closed eyes for a few minutes.
• Cleanse with Warm Water: Gently cleansing your eyes with warm water can help remove any debris or irritants that may be contributing to stickiness. Use a clean cotton ball or washcloth soaked in warm water to carefully wipe your eyelids and lashes.
• Use Eye Drops: Over-the-counter eye drops can help lubricate your eyes and relieve stickiness. Look for products specifically designed to combat dryness and irritation. Follow the instructions on the packaging for proper dosage and application.
• Avoid Rubbing Your Eyes: Rubbing your eyes can worsen stickiness and potentially introduce bacteria or irritants. Instead, try gently blinking or using artificial tears to help moisturize your eyes.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help keep your body and eyes hydrated, preventing dryness and stickiness. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water a day.
• Avoid Allergens: If your sticky eyes are caused by allergies, try to identify and avoid the allergens that trigger your symptoms. This may include avoiding certain foods, pets or environmental factors such as pollens or dust.
• Good Hygiene: Practicing good eye hygiene can help prevent stickiness and keep your eyes clean. Wash your hands regularly, avoid sharing towels or makeup, and remove your contact lenses as recommended by your eye care professional.

Remember, if your sticky eyes persist or worsen, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Importance of Proper Eye Hygiene

Proper eye hygiene is crucial for maintaining healthy and comfortable eyes. Sticky eyes, caused by excess tear production or eye infections, can be a symptom of poor eye hygiene. By practicing good eye hygiene habits, you can reduce the risk of developing sticky eyes and other eye-related issues.

One key aspect of proper eye hygiene is keeping your hands clean. Touching your eyes with dirty hands can introduce harmful bacteria or irritants, leading to infections and sticky eyes. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before touching your eyes or applying eye drops.

Another important step in maintaining eye hygiene is regularly cleaning your eyeglasses or contact lenses. Dust, dirt, and debris can accumulate on these surfaces and transfer to your eyes, causing irritation and discomfort. Clean your eyeglasses with lens cleaner and a microfiber cloth, and follow the recommended cleaning routine for your contact lenses.

Avoid sharing eye makeup or cosmetic products with others, as this can introduce bacteria into your eyes and increase the risk of infections and sticky eyes. Replace your eye makeup regularly, as old or expired products can harbor bacteria that can cause eye irritation.

Proper eye hygiene also involves avoiding rubbing or touching your eyes excessively. Rubbing your eyes can introduce dirt, bacteria, and irritants, leading to inflammation and sticky eyes. If you experience itching or irritation, use a clean tissue or a cold compress to alleviate the discomfort instead of rubbing your eyes.

In addition to these habits, it is important to schedule regular eye exams with an optometrist or ophthalmologist. They can assess your eye health, detect any underlying issues, and provide guidance on proper eye hygiene practices.

In conclusion, maintaining proper eye hygiene is crucial for preventing sticky eyes and promoting overall eye health. By following simple hygiene practices, such as keeping your hands clean, cleaning your eyeglasses, avoiding sharing makeup, and avoiding excessive eye rubbing, you can greatly reduce the risk of developing sticky eyes and other eye-related issues.

Complications from Untreated Sticky Eyes

If left untreated, sticky eyes can lead to several complications that can affect your eye health and overall well-being. Ignoring the symptoms and not seeking appropriate medical attention can result in the following complications:

Eye Infections

Sticky eyes can be caused by an accumulation of bacteria or viruses in the tear ducts. If left untreated, these pathogens can cause an eye infection, such as conjunctivitis. Eye infections can cause redness, swelling, pain, and discharge from the eyes. It is important to see a healthcare professional if you experience prolonged or recurring symptoms of sticky eyes to prevent eye infections.

Corneal Damage

When sticky eyes are left untreated, the constant presence of discharge and debris can lead to corneal damage. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. The debris can scratch or scrape the cornea, leading to corneal abrasions or ulcers. Corneal damage can cause blurry vision, eye pain, sensitivity to light, and even vision loss if not treated promptly.

It is essential to seek medical attention if you notice any changes in your vision or persistent discomfort in your eyes. Regular eye exams can help detect and treat sticky eyes before complications arise, ensuring optimal eye health.

Prevention is Key

Taking preventive measures can also help reduce the risk of complications from untreated sticky eyes. Proper hygiene, such as regularly washing your hands and avoiding touching your eyes, can prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses. Using clean towels and avoiding sharing personal items, like eye makeup or contact lenses, can also help prevent eye infections.

In conclusion, it is crucial to seek medical attention for sticky eyes to prevent complications such as eye infections and corneal damage. Practicing good hygiene and taking preventive measures can also help maintain healthy eyes.

Medical Procedures for Sticky Eyes

In cases where home remedies and over-the-counter treatments are not effective in relieving symptoms of sticky eyes, medical procedures may be necessary. These procedures aim to address the underlying causes of the condition and help restore normal tear flow.

1. Tear Duct Probing

Tear duct probing is a common procedure used to treat sticky eyes in infants and young children. It involves the insertion of a thin probe into the tear duct to clear any blockage or narrowing that is causing the eyes to stick together. This procedure is usually performed under anesthesia, and it provides a successful resolution for many cases of sticky eyes in children.

2. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)

For adults and older children who have persistent sticky eyes due to a blocked tear duct, dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) may be recommended. This surgical procedure involves creating a new drainage channel for tears to bypass the blockage, usually by making a small incision near the corner of the eye. DCR is an effective treatment option for individuals with chronic or recurrent sticky eyes.

If you or your child are experiencing persistent sticky eyes despite home remedies, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. They can evaluate the underlying cause and recommend the most appropriate medical procedure to alleviate symptoms and improve eye health.

Sticky Eyes in Infants and Children

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis, are a common issue that can affect infants and children. This condition occurs when the eyes become red, swollen, and produce a sticky discharge. It is usually caused by an infection, allergies, or a blocked tear duct.

Causes

The main causes of sticky eyes in infants and children can vary. Bacterial or viral infections are common culprits, with bacteria like staphylococcus or viruses like adenovirus often being to blame. Allergies, such as hay fever, can also cause sticky eyes. Moreover, a blocked tear duct can prevent tears from draining properly and lead to the formation of sticky discharge.

Symptoms

Sticky eyes are characterized by several symptoms. Children with this condition may have redness, swelling, and tenderness in the eyes. They may also experience crusting and stickiness around the eyelashes, making it difficult to open the eyes after sleep. Additionally, the eyes may be watery and produce a sticky, yellowish or greenish discharge.

It is important to note that if your child shows signs of vision problems, severe pain, or a high fever, you should seek immediate medical attention.

Treatment

The treatment options for sticky eyes in infants and children depend on the underlying cause. If the cause is a bacterial infection, your child’s doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment. For viral infections, the focus is on managing symptoms and allowing the infection to run its course. Allergies can be managed with antihistamine eye drops or oral medication. In the case of a blocked tear duct, gentle massage and warm compresses can help open the duct and improve tear drainage.

It is important to follow your child’s doctor’s recommendations and maintain proper hygiene to prevent the spread of infection.

In conclusion, sticky eyes in infants and children are a common condition that can be caused by infections, allergies, or blocked tear ducts. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment can help alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

Sticky Eyes vs. Conjunctivitis

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition characterized by a sticky discharge or crustiness around the eye area. While sticky eyes and conjunctivitis may seem similar, there are some key differences between the two.

What is Sticky Eyes?

Sticky eyes occur when the tear ducts are blocked, leading to a buildup of mucus, crust, or discharge around the eyes. The eyes may feel gritty, and the discharge can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking up.

What is Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is usually caused by allergens, bacteria, or viruses and can cause redness, itching, watering, and a sticky discharge.

While sticky eyes can be a symptom of conjunctivitis, not all cases of sticky eyes are due to conjunctivitis. Other causes of sticky eyes include blocked tear ducts, colds or respiratory infections, eyelid inflammation, or allergy-related issues.

When it comes to treatment, both sticky eyes and conjunctivitis can benefit from similar measures. These may include gentle eyelid cleaning with a warm, damp cloth, using artificial tears or eye drops to relieve dryness and irritation, and practicing good hygiene, such as not touching the eyes or sharing towels, pillows, or makeup.

• If sticky eyes persist or worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.
• For cases of conjunctivitis, treatment may also involve the use of antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the underlying cause.

In conclusion, while sticky eyes can be a symptom of conjunctivitis, it is important to understand that sticky eyes and conjunctivitis are not the same thing. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these conditions effectively.

Possible Allergic Reactions with Sticky Eyes

Allergic reactions can sometimes cause sticky eyes. When your eyes come into contact with an allergen, such as pollen or pet dander, it can trigger an immune response in your body. This immune response can lead to inflammation and excess production of mucus, resulting in sticky eyes.

Symptoms of Allergic Reactions with Sticky Eyes

If you have allergic reactions with sticky eyes, you may experience various symptoms. These can include:

• Redness and itching in the eyes
• Watery eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Swelling of the eyelids
• Blurred vision

Treatment for Allergic Reactions with Sticky Eyes

If you suspect that your sticky eyes are due to an allergic reaction, it is important to seek medical advice. An eye care professional can help determine the specific allergen causing your symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Treatment for allergic reactions with sticky eyes may include:

• Using over-the-counter antihistamine eye drops
• Avoiding allergens that trigger your symptoms
• Applying a warm compress to your eyes to relieve discomfort
• Taking oral antihistamines, if recommended by your doctor
• Using artificial tears to soothe dryness caused by excessive tearing

It is important to follow the advice of your healthcare professional and avoid self-diagnosis and self-medication. By properly managing your allergies and taking appropriate treatment measures, you can minimize the occurrence of sticky eyes and improve your overall eye health.

Managing Discomfort from Sticky Eyes

If you are experiencing sticky eyes, it can be quite uncomfortable. However, there are several steps you can take to manage the discomfort and alleviate the symptoms.

1. Cleanse the eyes regularly: Use a clean cotton ball or soft cloth soaked in warm water to gently clean the areas around your eyes. This will help remove any crust or discharge that may be causing the stickiness.

2. Use artificial tears or eye drops: Artificial tears can help lubricate your eyes and reduce stickiness. Choose a mild, preservative-free solution and use as directed. Be cautious not to touch the tip of the bottle to your eye to prevent contamination.

3. Avoid rubbing your eyes: Rubbing your eyes can worsen the stickiness and potentially introduce bacteria or irritants. Instead of rubbing, try using a clean tissue to gently dab at your eyes to alleviate any discomfort.

4. Apply a warm compress: Placing a clean, warm compress over your closed eyes can help soothe the discomfort and loosen any debris. Ensure that the compress is not too hot to avoid burns or further irritation.

5. Seek medical advice: If sticky eyes persist or worsen, it is important to consult with an eye care professional. They can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options based on the underlying cause.

Remember to always follow proper hygiene practices, such as washing your hands before touching your eyes, to prevent further irritation or infection. By managing the discomfort from sticky eyes and seeking medical advice when necessary, you can improve your overall eye health and comfort.

Related Conditions and Eye Disorders

In addition to sticky eyes, there are several other eye conditions and disorders that can affect the health and function of the eyes. These conditions may have similar symptoms or can be related to the underlying causes of sticky eyes.

Some common related conditions and eye disorders include:

Condition	Description
Conjunctivitis	This is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eyes and the inner surface of the eyelids. It can cause redness, itchiness, and discharge from the eyes, similar to sticky eyes.
Dry Eye Syndrome	With this condition, the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to dryness, irritation, and a gritty sensation in the eyes.
Blepharitis	Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, which can cause redness, itching, and a feeling of burning. It can also contribute to the development of sticky eyes.
Allergic Conjunctivitis	This is caused by an allergic reaction, typically to substances like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. It can result in red, itchy, watery eyes, and a sticky discharge.
Corneal Ulcer	A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. It can cause severe pain, redness, watery eyes, and sticky discharge.

If you are experiencing persistent symptoms of sticky eyes or any other eye-related condition, it is important to consult with an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Question and answer:

What are sticky eyes?

Sticky eyes, also known as conjunctivitis or pink eye, are characterized by the inflammation and redness of the conjunctiva, the thin tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye.

What are the main causes of sticky eyes?

Sticky eyes can be caused by various factors, such as allergies, bacterial or viral infections, dry eye syndrome, blocked tear ducts, or exposure to irritants like smoke or chemicals. It is important to identify the cause in order to determine the most appropriate treatment.

What are the symptoms of sticky eyes?

The symptoms of sticky eyes may include redness, excessive tearing, crusting or discharge, itching, discomfort or pain, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a gritty or foreign body sensation in the eye.

How can I treat sticky eyes at home?

If you have sticky eyes, you can try several home remedies to alleviate the symptoms. These include cleansing the eyelids with a warm washcloth, using over-the-counter eye drops to relieve redness and itching, avoiding potential irritants, and practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and not sharing towels or pillows.

When should I see a doctor for sticky eyes?

If the symptoms of sticky eyes persist for more than a few days, worsen over time, or are accompanied by severe pain, sensitivity to light, or changes in vision, it is recommended to see a doctor. Additionally, if you suspect a bacterial or viral infection, medical attention is necessary to receive appropriate treatment.

What are sticky eyes?

Sticky eyes refer to a condition where the eyes become sticky or crusty due to excessive discharge. This can cause discomfort and difficulty in opening the eyes.

What causes sticky eyes in adults?

Sticky eyes in adults can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, blocked tear ducts, and dry eye syndrome. It’s important to identify the underlying cause to determine the appropriate treatment.

What are the symptoms of sticky eyes?

The common symptoms of sticky eyes include eye discharge, redness, itchiness, a gritty sensation in the eyes, and difficulty in opening the eyes due to crust formation. Additionally, the affected eye may be sensitive to light.

How are sticky eyes treated?

The treatment for sticky eyes depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, warm compresses and gentle eye cleaning can help alleviate the symptoms. Antibiotic eye drops may be prescribed if the cause is a bacterial infection. If the problem persists or worsens, it is important to seek medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.

Can sticky eyes be prevented?

While it may not always be possible to prevent sticky eyes, practicing good hygiene can help reduce the risk. Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes with dirty hands, and clean the eyes regularly with a clean cloth or cotton ball. If you wear contact lenses, make sure to follow proper hygiene and usage instructions.