Understanding Trichinosis – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Trichinosis, also known as trichinellosis, is a parasitic infection caused by the worms of the Trichinella genus. These small worms belong to the class of roundworms and can infect humans and animals, particularly swine (pigs). The infection occurs when a person consumes undercooked or raw meat that contains larvae of the Trichinella species.

Once ingested, the larvae pass through the digestive system and enter the bloodstream. From there, they migrate to different tissues in the body, including the muscles. Once in the muscles, the larvae undergo further development, grow into adult worms, and eventually reproduce. It is during this stage that the infected individual may experience symptoms of trichinosis.

The symptoms of trichinosis typically appear within 1-2 weeks after consuming contaminated meat. Common signs include muscle pain, stiffness, and swelling, especially in the face and around the eyes. Other symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. In severe cases, trichinosis can lead to more serious health complications, such as respiratory or cardiac problems.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to effectively manage trichinosis. If you suspect trichinosis, it is important to consult a healthcare professional who can perform the necessary tests and provide appropriate treatment. Treatment usually involves medications to kill the adult worms and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, hospitalization may be required, especially if the infection has advanced or if complications have occurred.

What Is Trichinosis

Trichinosis, also known as trichinellosis, is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm species Trichinella. It is typically contracted by consuming raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork products. Pigs are the primary carriers of Trichinella larvae, which can infect human muscle tissue when ingested.

Once inside the body, the Trichinella larvae mature into adult worms in the small intestine. Female worms produce larvae that migrate through the bloodstream and invade various tissues, including muscles, where they form cysts. These cysts can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the severity of the infection.

The symptoms of trichinosis often include muscle pain and tenderness, swelling, fever, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea and vomiting. In severe cases, the infection can lead to complications such as myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), respiratory problems, and even death.

Trichinosis can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies produced in response to the infection. Treatment typically involves medications to kill the larvae and alleviate symptoms. In most cases, trichinosis can be successfully treated, although it may take several months for all symptoms to resolve.

Causes of Trichinosis

Trichinosis is caused by a parasitic roundworm called Trichinella spiralis. This parasite primarily infects animals, such as swine (pigs), which act as the main reservoir for the disease. Humans can acquire trichinosis by consuming raw or undercooked pork or other meat products that contain viable Trichinella larvae.

When a person ingests the infectious larvae, they travel through the digestive system and enter the small intestine. In the small intestine, the larvae mature into adult worms and mate. The female worms then lay eggs, which hatch into new larvae. These new larvae penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate through the bloodstream to various parts of the body, especially the muscles.

Once inside the muscle tissue, the larvae encyst, or encapsulate themselves, where they can survive for years. This encapsulation process causes inflammation and damage to the surrounding muscle cells, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of trichinosis.

Common symptoms of trichinosis include muscle pain, swelling, fever, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe cases of trichinosis can lead to complications, including myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).

To prevent trichinosis, it is important to thoroughly cook meat products, especially pork, to kill any potential Trichinella larvae. Freezing meat at subzero temperatures for a certain period of time can also effectively kill the larvae. Additionally, practicing good hygiene and avoiding consumption of wild or undercooked game meat can reduce the risk of infection.

How Trichinosis Spreads

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Trichinella species of roundworms. The primary source of infection is the consumption of undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork, that is infected with the Trichinella larvae.

When a person consumes meat that contains Trichinella larvae, the larvae travel through the digestive system and eventually reach the small intestine. In the small intestine, the larvae mature into adult worms, which then mate and produce a new generation of larvae. These larvae enter the bloodstream and are carried to various tissues in the body, particularly the muscles.

Once the Trichinella larvae are in the muscle tissue, they encyst, or form a protective capsule, around themselves. This encapsulation process allows the larvae to survive for extended periods of time within the muscle tissue, even if the infected meat is cooked or frozen.

The spread of Trichinosis can occur when individuals consume raw or undercooked meat that contains Trichinella larvae, or when they come into contact with contaminated surfaces or objects that have been in contact with infected meat. It is important to note that while pork is the most commonly associated meat with trichinosis, other meats such as bear, dog, and walrus can also carry the infection.

To prevent the spread of trichinosis, it is crucial to thoroughly cook meat to kill any potential Trichinella larvae. Freezing meat at temperatures below -15°C (5°F) for a minimum of three weeks can also be effective in killing the larvae. It is also advisable to avoid consuming raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork, and to practice good hygiene, such as properly washing hands and utensils after handling raw meat or coming into contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.

Incubation Period of Trichinosis

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the trichinella worm. The primary source of this infection is the consumption of undercooked or raw meat, particularly from swine (pigs). Once ingested, the larvae make their way to the digestive system where they mature into adult worms. These adult worms eventually lay eggs that hatch into more larvae.

After ingestion, the larvae travel through the stomach and intestines, eventually reaching the muscles where they encyst. This process takes approximately 1-2 days. The larvae continue to develop within the muscle tissue, forming cysts that can remain viable for years.

The incubation period, or the time between ingesting the infected meat and experiencing symptoms, typically ranges from 8-15 days, but can vary depending on the number of larvae ingested. During this time, the larvae continue to mature and multiply within the muscle tissue.

Symptoms of trichinosis can include gastrointestinal discomfort, muscle pain, fever, and swelling around the eyes. In severe cases, the infection can lead to complications such as heart and lung problems. Prompt medical treatment is essential to prevent further complications and to ensure a full recovery.

Common Symptoms of Trichinosis

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Trichinella parasite. The infection is typically contracted by consuming undercooked or raw meat, especially pork or wild game that is infected with the parasite.

Digestive Symptoms:

One of the first signs of trichinosis is symptoms that affect the digestive system. These symptoms may include:

• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

Some individuals may also experience additional digestive symptoms such as bloating and indigestion.

Muscle Symptoms:

Trichinosis primarily affects the muscles of the body. As the parasitic larvae migrate through the bloodstream and embed themselves in the muscle tissue, individuals may experience various muscle-related symptoms, including:

• Muscle pain
• Muscle swelling
• Muscle stiffness
• Weakness
• Muscle soreness

In severe cases, trichinosis can cause muscle inflammation and damage, leading to difficulty in moving and performing daily activities.

If you suspect you may have trichinosis or have been exposed to the parasite, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can perform the necessary tests and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Severe Symptoms of Trichinosis

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. These worms are typically found in swine, and humans can contract the infection by consuming undercooked or raw pork that contains the larvae of these worms. Once ingested, the larvae travel to the digestive system where they mature and reproduce, causing a variety of symptoms.

While many cases of trichinosis are mild and go unnoticed, severe symptoms can occur in some individuals. These symptoms usually develop within one to two weeks after consuming infected meat. The severe symptoms of trichinosis include:

1. Muscle pain and tenderness: Severe muscle pain, especially in the arms and legs, is a common symptom of trichinosis. This pain can be intense and is often accompanied by muscle tenderness and weakness.

2. Fever and chills: The infection can cause high fever and chills, which may persist for several days or even weeks. This is a result of the body’s immune response to the parasitic infection.

3. Swelling of the face and eyelids: Some individuals with trichinosis may experience swelling of the face and eyelids. This can give the affected person a puffy appearance.

4. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Severe cases of trichinosis can also lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms can further contribute to the overall discomfort and distress experienced by the individual.

5. Difficulty coordinating movements: In rare cases of severe trichinosis, the larvae can migrate to the central nervous system, causing neurological symptoms. These may include difficulty coordinating movements, muscle weakness, and even paralysis.

If you experience any of these severe symptoms after consuming undercooked or raw pork, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Trichinosis can be treated with medications that help kill the parasites and alleviate symptoms. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing complications and promoting a faster recovery.

Diagnosing Trichinosis

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the ingestion of larvae from the Trichinella worm. The larvae can be found in the muscle tissue of infected animals, particularly swine. Diagnosing trichinosis can be challenging because its symptoms can be similar to those of other digestive disorders.

When a person is infected with trichinosis, the larvae can migrate from the digestive system to the muscle tissue, where they form cysts. The presence of these cysts in the muscle tissue is a key indicator of trichinosis. However, due to the small size of the cysts, they may not be detectable in imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans.

Instead, diagnosing trichinosis often relies on recognizing the symptoms and conducting laboratory tests to confirm the infection. The symptoms of trichinosis can vary depending on the stage of the infection, but they commonly include muscle pain, swelling, fever, and fatigue.

Lab Tests

One of the most common lab tests used to diagnose trichinosis is a blood test. This test looks for the presence of specific antibodies that the body produces in response to the infection. A positive blood test, combined with the presence of typical symptoms, can indicate a trichinosis infection.

In some cases, a muscle biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. A small sample of muscle tissue is taken and examined under a microscope for the presence of Trichinella larvae or cysts. However, this invasive procedure is usually only necessary in cases where other diagnostic methods have been inconclusive.

Prevention

Preventing trichinosis is crucial, especially for individuals who consume undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork. Cooking meat at a temperature of at least 160°F (71°C) can kill the Trichinella larvae, making the meat safe to eat. It’s also important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly after handling raw meat and avoiding cross-contamination in the kitchen.

Symptoms	Lab Tests	Prevention
Muscle pain	Blood tests	Cook meat thoroughly
Swelling	Muscle biopsy	Practice good hygiene
Fever
Fatigue

Treatment for Trichinosis

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the ingestion of undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork or swine. It is caused by the larvae of the Trichinella worm, which can be found in the muscle tissue of infected animals.

When symptoms of trichinosis appear, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. The exact course of treatment will depend on the severity of the infection and the symptoms experienced by the individual.

In many cases, trichinosis can be treated with medications. Antiparasitic drugs, such as albendazole or mebendazole, are commonly prescribed to kill the worms and their larvae. These drugs work by disrupting the worms’ ability to absorb nutrients, ultimately leading to their death.

In addition to medication, supportive care may also be provided to manage symptoms and aid in the recovery process. This may include over-the-counter or prescription medications to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and control fever. Rest, hydration, and a nutritious diet are also important to help the body fight the infection and heal.

In severe cases of trichinosis, where the infection has spread to other organs or complications have arisen, more intensive medical interventions may be necessary. This could involve hospitalization, intravenous fluids, and specialized treatments to address specific complications.

Common Treatment Approaches for Trichinosis
Medication: Antiparasitic drugs to kill the worms and larvae.
Supportive care: Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and fever reducers.
Rest, hydration, and a nutritious diet to support the body’s recovery.
Hospitalization and specialized treatments for severe cases.

It is important to note that prevention is always the best approach when it comes to trichinosis. Avoiding the consumption of undercooked or raw pork and other potentially contaminated meats is key to reducing the risk of infection. Proper cooking techniques, such as using a meat thermometer to ensure the meat reaches a sufficient temperature to kill any potential parasites, are essential.

If you suspect you may have trichinosis or have been exposed to potentially contaminated meat, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance on appropriate treatment options.

Medication for Trichinosis

Trichinosis is an infection caused by the parasitic worm Trichinella. This parasite is commonly found in swine, and it can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of undercooked or raw pork.

Once inside the human body, the larvae of the Trichinella worm migrate to the muscles and form cysts. This leads to symptoms such as muscle pain, fever, and swelling. In severe cases, trichinosis can affect the respiratory and digestive systems.

Antiparasitic Medications

The most common treatment for trichinosis involves the use of antiparasitic medications. These medications are designed to kill the worms and prevent further reproduction, thus eliminating the infection.

One of the common medications used is albendazole, which is effective against various parasitic infections, including trichinosis. Another option is mebendazole, which works by interfering with the worms’ ability to absorb glucose, ultimately leading to their starvation. Both of these medications are typically taken for several days to weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.

Supportive Care

In addition to antiparasitic medications, supportive care is important for managing the symptoms of trichinosis. This may include over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate muscle pain and fever reducers to reduce elevated body temperature.

It is crucial for individuals with trichinosis to rest and refrain from strenuous activities that can worsen muscle pain and fatigue. A balanced diet with plenty of fluids is also recommended to support the body’s immune system and aid in recovery.

Overall, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antiparasitic medications can effectively treat trichinosis and prevent complications. If you suspect you may have trichinosis or have been in contact with infected meat, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Prevention of Trichinosis

To prevent trichinosis, it is important to take precautions when handling and consuming swine meat. The main cause of trichinosis is the consumption of raw or undercooked swine meat that is contaminated with the larvae of Trichinella worms. These worms can infect the muscle tissue of swine, and when humans consume infected meat, they can become infected as well.

To reduce the risk of trichinosis infection, it is recommended to cook all pork products thoroughly. The heat from cooking will kill the Trichinella larvae and make the meat safe to eat. It is advised to cook pork to an internal temperature of at least 160°F/71°C.

In addition to cooking pork properly, it is essential to practice good hygiene and food safety measures. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after handling raw meat can help prevent the spread of infection. It is also important to avoid cross-contamination by using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw meat and other food items.

If you are unsure about the safety of pork meat, freezing can be an effective method to kill any potential Trichinella larvae. Freezing pork at a temperature of -4°F/-20°C for at least three weeks can ensure that any larvae present are killed.

Finally, being aware of the symptoms of trichinosis is crucial. If you experience muscle pain, swelling, fever, or gastrointestinal symptoms after consuming pork, it is essential to seek medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and the spread of the infection.

In conclusion, preventing trichinosis involves proper cooking of swine meat, practicing good hygiene and food safety measures, and being aware of the symptoms of trichinosis. By taking these precautions, you can significantly reduce the risk of trichinosis infection.

Cooking and Food Safety

Proper cooking techniques and adherence to food safety guidelines are essential for the prevention of trichinosis, a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of the Trichinella parasite. This infection is commonly associated with the consumption of undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork.

Importance of Cooking Meat Thoroughly

Trichinosis is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of infected meat, most often from swine. The larvae of the Trichinella parasite can be present in the muscle tissue of contaminated meat, and if consumed, can result in infection. Cooking meat at a high enough temperature kills the parasites, making it safe for consumption.

It is crucial to ensure that all meat, especially pork or wild game, is cooked thoroughly to an internal temperature of at least 160°F (71°C). This temperature is recommended by food safety experts to ensure the complete destruction of the Trichinella larvae.

Food Safety Practices

In addition to cooking meat properly, following general food safety practices is essential for reducing the risk of trichinosis and other foodborne illnesses:

Practice	Explanation
Proper storage	Store raw meat separate from other foods to prevent cross-contamination. Refrigerate or freeze meat promptly to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Thorough handwashing	Wash hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before and after handling raw meat.
Use separate utensils and cutting boards	Prevent cross-contamination by using different utensils and cutting boards for raw and cooked foods.
Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meat	Avoid dishes that contain raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork or wild game.

By practicing these food safety measures and ensuring that meat is cooked thoroughly, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of contracting trichinosis and other foodborne parasitic infections.

Proper Meat Handling

Proper meat handling is crucial in preventing trichinosis, a parasitic infection caused by the roundworms of the Trichinella species. These worms are commonly found in the muscle tissue of swine and can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork and other infected meats.

To minimize the risk of trichinosis, it is essential to handle meat properly. Here are some guidelines to follow:

1. Make sure to cook meat thoroughly, especially pork, to kill any potential Trichinella larvae. This involves reaching a safe internal temperature of at least 145°F (63°C) for pork.
2. Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meats, such as pork roasts or steaks, sausages, and ground pork. These may contain the parasite and increase the risk of infection.
3. When purchasing meat, choose reputable suppliers and ensure that the products are fresh and properly stored.
4. Properly store meat in a refrigerator or freezer to prevent the growth of any parasites or bacteria. Keep raw meats separate from ready-to-eat foods to avoid cross-contamination.
5. If you suspect that a meat product may be contaminated with Trichinella, freezing at -5°F (-20°C) for at least 20 days can kill the larvae and make the meat safe for consumption.
6. When handling raw meat, ensure good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after handling meat, utensils, and surfaces that come into contact with raw meat.

By following these proper meat handling practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of trichinosis and other foodborne illnesses associated with consuming contaminated meats. If you experience any symptoms of trichinosis, such as muscle pain, fever, or digestive issues, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Controlling Rodent Infestations

Trichinosis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. This infection is most commonly associated with the consumption of undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork. The larvae of the Trichinella worms can be found in the muscles of infected animals, such as swine, and can cause severe symptoms in humans.

In order to prevent trichinosis, it is important to control rodent infestations, as rodents are a common carrier of the Trichinella larvae. Here are some ways to effectively control rodent populations:

1. Seal Entry Points

Inspect your home or workplace for any cracks or holes that rodents can use to gain entry. Seal these entry points with caulk or steel wool to prevent rodents from entering the premises.

2. Remove Food Sources

Keep all food stored in airtight containers and clean up any spills or crumbs immediately. This will help eliminate potential food sources for rodents and discourage them from staying in your surroundings.

3. Set Traps and Baits

Use rodent traps and baits to capture and eliminate rodents. Traps can be placed in areas where rodent activity is commonly observed, while baits can be strategically placed to attract and poison rodents.

4. Maintain Cleanliness

Regularly clean your living and working spaces to remove any potential nesting or hiding places for rodents. This includes clearing clutter, storing materials properly, and disposing of garbage promptly.

5. Consult a Professional

If rodent infestations persist despite your best efforts, consider consulting a professional pest control service. They have the expertise and resources to effectively control rodent populations and prevent the spread of trichinosis.

By taking proactive measures to control rodent infestations, you can reduce the risk of trichinosis infection and protect your health.

Education and Awareness Programs

Education and awareness programs play a crucial role in preventing trichinosis infection and reducing its spread. These programs aim to educate the population about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of trichinosis, emphasizing the importance of proper cooking techniques and safe food practices.

One of the main focuses of these programs is to educate people about the transmission of trichinosis. Many individuals are unaware that trichinosis is caused by consuming raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork, that is contaminated with Trichinella larvae. Through educational materials and awareness campaigns, people are made aware of the risks associated with consuming improperly cooked meat and the need to properly store and handle meat products to prevent infestation.

Education and awareness programs also educate the public on the symptoms of trichinosis. The initial symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. As the infection progresses, individuals may experience muscle pain and weakness, swelling of the face and eyes, and fever. By recognizing these symptoms, individuals can seek medical attention promptly, improving the chances of early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Furthermore, these programs emphasize the importance of proper cooking techniques in eliminating Trichinella pig worm larvae from meat. By cooking the meat to an internal temperature of 160°F or 71°C, individuals can ensure that the larvae are killed and the meat is safe to consume. Additionally, freezing meat at -4°F or -20°C for several weeks can also kill the larvae.

Overall, education and awareness programs on trichinosis help empower individuals to make informed decisions about their food choices and promote safe practices in handling and preparing meat. Through these programs, the public becomes aware of the risks associated with trichinosis, its symptoms, and the effective methods of prevention, ultimately reducing the incidence of this parasitic infection.

Trichinosis Outbreaks and Surveillance

Trichinosis is an infection caused by the parasitic worm Trichinella spiralis. This parasite primarily affects animals such as swine (pigs), which serve as the main reservoir for the larvae. However, humans can also become infected with trichinosis by consuming raw or undercooked meat from infected animals.

Outbreaks

Outbreaks of trichinosis can occur when individuals consume meat from infected animals. The larvae of Trichinella spiralis can survive in the muscle tissue of animals, causing no visible signs of infection in the host animal. If the meat is not properly cooked, the larvae can still be present and infect the person consuming it.

Outbreaks are typically associated with the consumption of pork, specifically in the form of sausages, ham, or other processed pork products. However, trichinosis can also be acquired from the consumption of meat from other animals, such as bear, wild boar, or horse, that have been infected with Trichinella spiralis.

When an outbreak occurs, it is important for public health authorities to quickly identify the source of the infection and take appropriate measures to prevent further cases. This may involve recalling contaminated food products, conducting investigations to trace the source of the infected meat, and implementing measures to improve food safety and prevent future outbreaks.

Surveillance

Surveillance for trichinosis is an important aspect of public health monitoring. This involves collecting data on the number of reported cases and identifying trends or clusters of infection. Surveillance systems may include reporting of cases by healthcare providers, laboratory testing of suspected cases, and investigation of outbreaks.

In some countries, surveillance programs also include monitoring of animals for Trichinella infection. This can include testing of pigs or other animals intended for human consumption, as well as sampling of wildlife populations that may serve as reservoirs for the parasite.

Surveillance efforts help to provide a better understanding of the burden of trichinosis, identify high-risk groups or areas, and guide public health interventions. By monitoring the occurrence of trichinosis and implementing appropriate control measures, the spread of the parasite can be minimized and the risk of outbreaks reduced.

Global Impact of Trichinosis

Trichinosis, caused by the parasitic infection with Trichinella worms, has a significant global impact. The disease is commonly transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, especially from swine. The global prevalence of trichinosis varies depending on dietary habits and livestock management practices.

Trichinella larvae, which are present in the muscle tissue of infected animals, can survive the digestive process and reach the small intestine. Once in the intestine, the larvae mature into adult worms and reproduce, leading to further infection. The symptoms of trichinosis range from mild to severe and can include nausea, diarrhea, muscle pain, and fever.

The global impact of trichinosis is most significant in regions where the consumption of raw or undercooked meat is common. In these areas, such as certain parts of Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa, the risk of trichinosis transmission is higher. Additionally, poor livestock management practices and lack of awareness about proper meat preparation contribute to the spread of the disease.

Efforts to control trichinosis on a global scale include public health initiatives, such as education on proper meat handling and cooking techniques. Furthermore, increasing regulations on meat processing and inspection can help reduce the prevalence of trichinosis. Continued research and development of vaccines and treatments for trichinosis are also crucial in mitigating the global impact of this disease.

Q&A:

What is trichinosis?

Trichinosis, also known as trichinellosis, is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis.

How do people get trichinosis?

People get trichinosis by consuming raw or undercooked meat infected with the Trichinella larvae.

What are the symptoms of trichinosis?

The symptoms of trichinosis may vary, but can include muscle pain, fever, stomach pain, diarrhea, and swelling around the eyes.

Is trichinosis a serious illness?

Trichinosis can sometimes be a serious illness, especially if the infection is severe or if it affects the heart, lungs, or brain.

How is trichinosis treated?

Trichinosis is usually treated with medications to kill the Trichinella parasites and relieve the symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.