What are the common signs and symptoms of pinworm infection? Discover the key indicators of this common parasitic infestation

Pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis, is a common parasitic infection that affects millions of people, especially children, around the world. It is caused by the tiny white thread-like worms called pinworms, which commonly reside in the digestive tract of humans. Although often harmless, pinworm infection can cause discomfort and distressing symptoms.

The most common symptom of pinworm infection is itching around the anal area. This intense itching occurs primarily at nighttime when the female pinworms lay their eggs near the anus. The itching can be persistent and can lead to restlessness and difficulty sleeping. If left untreated, the scratching can cause irritation and even infection.

In addition to itching, other symptoms of pinworm infection may include digestive discomfort, loss of appetite, and mild abdominal pain. Children may also experience irritability, poor weight gain, and difficulty concentrating in school. It is important to monitor these symptoms and seek appropriate treatment to prevent the spread of the infection and alleviate the discomfort.

Pinworm infection is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person, especially in close quarters such as households and schools. The eggs of pinworms are microscopic and can be found on contaminated surfaces such as bedding, clothing, and toys. Proper hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and keeping the living environment clean, is crucial in preventing the spread of infection.

Itching as the Primary Symptom

Pinworm infection is a common parasitic infection that often occurs in childhood. One of the most noticeable and bothersome symptoms of this infection is itching, especially around the anus, which can lead to restlessness, sleep disturbances, and overall discomfort.

The itching caused by pinworms is typically worse at night, as the female worms come out of the anus to lay their eggs. This nocturnal activity can be particularly troublesome for children, as it disrupts their sleep and can make them irritable and tired during the day.

Causes and Transmission

The itching is a direct result of the presence of pinworms in the digestive system. These tiny parasites, measuring about 0.5 inches in length, enter the body through the ingestion of pinworm eggs. The eggs are usually found on contaminated surfaces such as toilet seats, bedding, clothing, or toys.

When a person touches these contaminated surfaces and then touches their mouth or eats without washing their hands, they can unknowingly ingest the eggs. Once inside the body, the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and the pinworms migrate to the large intestine, where they mature and reproduce.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect a pinworm infection, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a definitive diagnosis. The doctor may request a stool sample or a swab from the anal area to check for the presence of pinworm eggs or worms. It is essential to obtain an accurate diagnosis to ensure appropriate treatment.

The main treatment for pinworm infection involves taking medication to kill the worms and prevent them from reinfesting the body. The most common medications prescribed for pinworms include mebendazole, albendazole, and pyrantel pamoate. These medications are usually taken as a single dose, followed by a second dose two weeks later to eliminate any eggs that may have hatched.

In addition to medication, certain hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of pinworms and reduce itching. These practices include washing hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the toilet or changing diapers, keeping fingernails short and clean, wearing tight-fitting underwear at night, and frequently washing bedding, clothing, and toys to remove any eggs that may be present.

Overall, the itching caused by pinworm infection can be extremely uncomfortable and disruptive. Seeking medical attention and following the prescribed treatment plan is essential to eliminate the infection and alleviate the itching and discomfort associated with it.

Restlessness and Discomfort

Pinworm infection can cause a variety of symptoms in affected individuals, including restlessness and discomfort. These symptoms can be particularly pronounced at nighttime when the female pinworms migrate from the intestines to the anal area to lay their eggs.

The itching and irritation caused by the presence of pinworms can lead to restlessness, as affected individuals may have difficulty sleeping. The discomfort can be especially distressing for children, who may have a harder time understanding and coping with these symptoms.

If you suspect a pinworm infection, it is important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can prescribe medication to eliminate the parasite and provide relief from the discomfort it causes.

In addition to medication, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce restlessness and discomfort during a pinworm infection. Maintaining good hygiene habits, such as washing hands regularly, keeping nails short, and washing bedding in hot water, can help prevent reinfection and minimize the symptoms.

Restlessness and discomfort are common symptoms of pinworm infection, particularly at nighttime. It is important to seek treatment and take preventive measures to alleviate these symptoms and prevent the spread of the infection.

Pain and Irritation in the Rectal Area

One common symptom of pinworm infection in children is pain and irritation in the rectal area. The presence of pinworms in the digestive tract can cause itching and discomfort, particularly around the anus where the female pinworms lay their eggs.

The itching sensation in the rectal area often intensifies at nighttime, disrupting sleep and causing restlessness. This can lead to irritability and difficulty concentrating during the day.

Pinworms are highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person, especially in settings such as schools or daycare centers. It is important to diagnose and treat pinworm infection promptly to prevent further spread.

Treatment for pinworm infection typically involves taking medication to kill the worms and their eggs. Additionally, good hygiene practices such as frequent handwashing and regular cleaning of the anal area can help prevent reinfection.

If you or your child is experiencing pain and irritation in the rectal area, especially accompanied by itching and restlessness, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of a possible pinworm infection.

Common Symptoms of Pinworm Infection
Itching
Restlessness
Pain and Irritation in the Rectal Area
Difficulty Concentrating
Disrupted Sleep

Visible Worms in the Stool

One of the most obvious signs of a pinworm infection is the presence of visible worms in the stool. Pinworms, also known as threadworms, are tiny worms that infect the human digestive tract, especially in childhood. Adult worms are about the size of a staple and are white in color. They are usually passed out of the body through the anus while the infected person is asleep.

The presence of visible worms in the stool can be quite alarming and discomforting for both children and adults. It may cause itching and discomfort around the anus, leading to restlessness, sleep disturbances, and irritability.

If you suspect a pinworm infection, it is essential to seek proper medical diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare professional can perform a microscopic examination of the area around the anus to look for pinworm eggs, which may be present even if visible worms are not seen in the stool.

Treatment

Pinworm infections can be easily treated with medication prescribed by a healthcare professional. The most common treatment is an oral medication that kills the pinworms and their eggs. The medication may need to be repeated after a few weeks to ensure complete eradication of the infection.

In addition to medication, certain hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of pinworms. These include regularly washing hands with soap and warm water, keeping fingernails short and clean, changing underwear and bed linen frequently, and avoiding scratching the anal area.

Preventing reinfection is also important. This can be achieved by washing all clothes, towels, and bed linen in hot water and ensuring proper hygiene in the household, especially for the infected individual and their close contacts.

Conclusion

If you notice visible worms in the stool or suspect a pinworm infection based on symptoms like itching and restlessness, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Pinworm infections are common, especially in children, but can be effectively treated with medication and good hygiene practices.

Difficulty Sleeping

One common symptom of pinworm infection is difficulty sleeping, especially during nighttime. The itching and discomfort caused by the pinworms can be worse at night, making it difficult for infected individuals to get a good night’s sleep.

The constant itching around the anal area can be extremely bothersome and disruptive to sleep, leading to restlessness and irritability. This can be particularly challenging for children, who may already struggle with sleeping through the night.

Pinworm infection can also affect the digestive system, leading to digestive disturbances that can further contribute to difficulty sleeping. The presence of pinworm eggs in the digestive tract can cause discomfort and impact the quality of sleep.

Proper treatment for pinworm infection is essential to alleviate symptoms and improve sleep quality. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate medication and guidance on managing the infection.

In addition to medication, there are steps that can be taken to prevent reinfection and promote better sleep. Regularly washing bedding, clothing, and other items that may come into contact with pinworm eggs can help to reduce the risk of reinfestation. Good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, can also help prevent the spread of infection.

While pinworm infection can be distressing and disrupt sleep, with proper treatment and preventive measures, individuals can regain a good night’s sleep and overcome this common childhood infection.

Loss of Appetite

One common symptom of pinworm infection in both adults and children is a loss of appetite. The uncomfortable sensation caused by the presence of pinworm eggs in the digestive system can lead to a decrease in hunger and food intake. This loss of appetite can be especially prominent during nighttime as the itching and discomfort caused by pinworms can disrupt sleep and further exacerbate the lack of appetite.

When a child experiences a loss of appetite due to a pinworm infection, it is important for parents to monitor their child’s eating habits and ensure they are receiving proper nutrition. Offering small, frequent meals that are easy to eat and digest may help alleviate some symptoms and provide necessary nutrients. It is also important to maintain good hygiene practices to prevent the spread of the infection to others.

Irritability and Mood Swings

Pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis, is a common childhood infection caused by the parasite Enterobius vermicularis. While the most common symptom of pinworm infection is itching, it can also cause other symptoms such as irritability and mood swings.

Itching, especially at nighttime, is the most noticeable symptom of a pinworm infection. The eggs of the pinworms are usually laid in the anal area, which causes intense itching and discomfort. This constant itching can make a child irritable and restless, leading to mood swings and behavioral changes.

The constant discomfort and irritation caused by the presence of pinworms can disrupt a child’s sleep and overall well-being. This can lead to increased irritability and difficulty concentrating during the day. The itching and discomfort can also cause a child to be more agitated and emotional, resulting in mood swings.

If you suspect a pinworm infection in your child, it is important to seek medical treatment. The infection can be easily diagnosed through a tape test, where a piece of tape is applied to the anal area and then examined under a microscope for the presence of pinworm eggs. Treatment usually involves taking medication to kill the pinworms and practicing good hygiene to prevent reinfection.

Common Symptoms of Pinworm Infection:
Itching
Restlessness
Irritability and Mood Swings
Visible worms in anal region
Discomfort or pain in the abdomen

If you notice your child experiencing irritability and mood swings along with itching, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Weight Loss and Nutritional Deficiencies

Pinworm infection can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies, especially in children. When a person is infected with pinworms, the itching and discomfort around the anal area can be so intense that it affects their appetite and ability to eat properly.

The constant itching can also cause a restless sleep, which further impacts a person’s overall health and energy levels. This can result in fatigue and a lack of motivation to engage in physical activities, leading to weight loss.

In addition to the physical symptoms, pinworm infections can also affect the digestive system. The presence of pinworms and their eggs in the intestines can interfere with the absorption of essential nutrients from the food we eat. This can result in nutritional deficiencies, including deficiencies in vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

Children are particularly at risk of developing nutritional deficiencies due to pinworm infections. Their growing bodies require adequate nutrition for proper development, and any disruption in nutrient absorption can hinder their growth and development. This can lead to stunted growth, delayed cognitive development, and weakened immune function.

Treatment of pinworm infection

If you suspect a pinworm infection, it is important to seek medical advice for diagnosis and treatment. The treatment usually involves the use of oral medication to kill the pinworms and their eggs. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and keeping the area around the anus clean, can help prevent reinfection.

In conclusion, pinworm infection can result in weight loss and nutritional deficiencies, especially in children. The constant itching, digestive issues, and interruption of nutrient absorption can lead to a decrease in appetite, restless sleep, and inadequate nutrient intake. Seeking proper medical treatment and practicing good hygiene are essential in managing and preventing the spread of pinworm infections.

Abdominal Pain and Bloating

One of the common symptoms of pinworm infection is abdominal pain and bloating. This discomfort is experienced by both children and adults who are infected with pinworms.

Pinworms are small parasites that lay their eggs in and around the anal area. This can cause irritation and itching, leading to discomfort and restlessness, especially at nighttime. However, the digestive system can also be affected by this infection, resulting in abdominal pain and bloating.

When pinworm eggs are ingested and reach the digestive tract, they can cause inflammation and irritation. This inflammation can lead to abdominal pain and bloating, making it uncomfortable for the infected individual. Additionally, the presence of pinworms can disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system, leading to difficulties in passing stool and causing bloating.

If you suspect a pinworm infection and are experiencing abdominal pain and bloating, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can perform tests to confirm the presence of pinworms and prescribe appropriate treatment options. They may recommend medications that can help eliminate the infection and alleviate the abdominal discomfort.

In addition to medical treatment, practicing good hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of pinworm infection. Regularly washing hands with soap and water, keeping the anal area clean, and washing all bedding and clothing can help reduce the risk of reinfection and alleviate symptoms. It is also important to avoid scratching the anal area to prevent further irritation and discomfort.

In conclusion, abdominal pain and bloating are common symptoms associated with pinworm infection. If you or your child are experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. By following proper hygiene practices, you can help prevent the spread of this infection and alleviate the discomfort associated with it.

Anal Itching and Redness

Anal itching, also known as pruritis ani, is a common symptom of pinworm infection. It occurs when the female pinworms lay their eggs around the anus, causing irritation and itching. The itching is often worse at night, which can lead to restlessness and discomfort for those affected.

The constant scratching caused by the itching can result in redness and inflammation around the anal area. This can further aggravate the itching and lead to even more discomfort. In some cases, the skin may become broken and susceptible to infection.

It is important to note that anal itching can have other causes, such as poor hygiene, certain skin conditions, or allergies. However, if you or your child experience anal itching combined with other common symptoms of pinworm infection, it is recommended to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment

Treating anal itching and redness caused by a pinworm infection involves addressing the underlying cause of the discomfort – the presence of pinworms and their eggs. This typically involves administering an over-the-counter or prescription medication that kills the pinworms and their eggs.

Additionally, maintaining good hygiene practices is crucial in preventing the spread and re-infestation of pinworms. This includes regularly washing the anal area with mild soap and water and keeping the area clean and dry.

Preventing Re-Infection

To prevent re-infection, it is important to practice good hand hygiene, especially after using the restroom or changing diapers. Trimmed nails and thorough handwashing can help reduce the risk of pinworm eggs being transferred to the mouth and causing another infection.

Key Points:
Anal itching is a common symptom of pinworm infection.
Scratching can lead to redness, inflammation, and potential infection.
Treatment involves medication to kill the pinworms and their eggs.
Proper hygiene practices can help prevent re-infection.

Frequent Urination

One less commonly known symptom of pinworm infection is frequent urination. While not as prevalent as itching or restlessness, frequent urination can still be a sign of the presence of pinworms in the body.

Pinworms are small parasites that infect the intestines, specifically the colon and rectum. They are most common in children and can easily spread from person to person through the ingestion of pinworm eggs. Once inside the body, pinworms lay their eggs around the anal area, typically at nighttime.

How Frequent Urination Relates to Pinworm Infection

The itching caused by pinworms in the anal area can be intense and persistent, leading to discomfort and difficulty falling asleep. This discomfort can result in disturbed sleep patterns and increased nighttime activity. As a consequence of this, some individuals may experience frequent urination during the night. This frequent urge to urinate can disrupt sleep and lead to further restlessness.

Treatment for Pinworm Infection

If frequent urination is accompanied by other symptoms such as itching and restlessness, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can diagnose pinworm infection through various methods, such as examining the anal area for signs of pinworms or conducting a tape test to detect pinworm eggs.

Once diagnosed, treatment for pinworm infection usually involves medication that kills the pinworms and their eggs. Additionally, proper hygiene practices such as frequent handwashing, changing and washing bedding, and trimming fingernails can help prevent reinfection and the spread of pinworms to others.

Fatigue and Exhaustion

Infection with pinworms can lead to fatigue and exhaustion in affected individuals. The presence of these parasites in the digestive system can disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to feelings of tiredness and lack of energy.

Pinworms are most active during nighttime, when they crawl out of the anus to lay eggs around the anal area. This activity can cause significant discomfort and itching, preventing individuals from getting a good night’s sleep. The resulting lack of restful sleep can accumulate over time, leading to chronic fatigue.

In addition to disrupting sleep, the itching caused by pinworm infection can be persistent and distracting during waking hours. This constant urge to scratch can be mentally and physically exhausting, further contributing to feelings of fatigue and exhaustion.

The treatment for pinworm infection typically involves medication to kill the parasites and reduce the itching and discomfort. However, it may take some time for the body to completely rid itself of the infection and for symptoms to subside. During this period, individuals may continue to experience fatigue and exhaustion.

Children are especially prone to pinworm infections due to their close contact with others in school and daycare settings. The discomfort and itching caused by the infection can be particularly distressing for young children, leading to irritability and difficulty concentrating. This can further contribute to feelings of fatigue and exhaustion in affected children.

If you or your child are experiencing persistent fatigue and exhaustion, especially in combination with other symptoms such as itching or restlessness, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Common Symptoms of Pinworm Infection
Itching
Restlessness
Fatigue and Exhaustion

Nausea and Vomiting

In addition to itching and restlessness, nausea and vomiting can also be common symptoms of a pinworm infection. When the pinworm eggs are ingested, they can travel through the digestive system and cause discomfort and irritation. This can lead to feelings of nausea and can sometimes result in vomiting.

It is important to note that not all individuals with a pinworm infection will experience nausea and vomiting. These symptoms may be more common in cases where the infection is severe or in individuals who are particularly sensitive to the presence of the pinworms.

If your child is experiencing persistent nausea and vomiting, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can determine if a pinworm infection is the cause and can recommend appropriate treatment options.

Treatment for pinworm infections typically involves medication that kills the pinworms and their eggs. This is followed by good hygiene practices, such as regularly washing hands, thoroughly cleaning bedding and clothing, and keeping the anal area clean. These measures can help prevent the spread of the infection and minimize the risk of reinfection.

While itching is the most common symptom associated with pinworm infections, it is important to be aware of other possible symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, as they can also signal the presence of a pinworm infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate these symptoms and prevent further complications.

Enuresis (Bedwetting)

Enuresis, or bedwetting, is a common symptom of pinworm infection, particularly in children. It is characterized by the involuntary release of urine during nighttime sleep.

One possible cause of enuresis in cases of pinworm infection is the itching and discomfort experienced in the anal and perianal areas. This itching can disrupt a child’s sleep, leading to bedwetting. The discomfort caused by the presence of pinworms can also contribute to enuresis.

Enuresis can be a distressing symptom for children and their families. It is essential to seek treatment for the pinworm infection to alleviate the discomfort and reduce the occurrence of bedwetting.

Treatment for pinworms usually involves the use of medication to kill the adult worms and their eggs. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly and regularly, can help prevent reinfection and reduce the spread of pinworms.

If your child is experiencing enuresis, especially in combination with itching or other symptoms of pinworm infection, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Allergic Reactions

In some cases, individuals may develop allergic reactions to pinworm eggs. This allergic reaction occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to the presence of the eggs. Common symptoms of an allergic reaction include swelling, redness, and itching around the anal area. This itching can be extremely uncomfortable and may lead to restlessness, especially during nighttime when the body is at rest.

Treatment

If you suspect that you or your child has a pinworm infection and is experiencing allergic reactions, it is important to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional will be able to diagnose the infection and prescribe an appropriate treatment plan. Common treatments for pinworm infections include over-the-counter or prescription medications that target the parasite. These medications work by killing the adult worms and preventing the further spread of eggs.

In addition to medication, it is important to follow proper hygiene practices to prevent reinfection and reduce the risk of allergic reactions. These practices include regularly washing your hands, bathing or showering daily, and washing all bedding and clothing in hot water. It is also important to keep fingernails short and discourage scratching the anal area, as this can spread the eggs and worsen symptoms.

By seeking medical treatment and practicing good hygiene, individuals with pinworm infections and allergic reactions can find relief and prevent further complications.

Recurrent Infections

Pinworm infections can be recurring, especially in childhood. These infections are commonly characterized by itching in the anal area, particularly at nighttime. The itching can be quite intense and can cause great discomfort for the infected individual. It is often accompanied by restlessness and difficulty sleeping, leading to disrupted sleep patterns.

The reason for these recurrent infections is the ability of pinworms to lay eggs in the digestive tract of the infected individual. These eggs can survive for a period of time outside the body, making it easy for re-infection to occur. When an infected person scratches the anal area, pinworm eggs can be transferred to their fingers or underneath their fingernails. This allows the eggs to spread to other surfaces, such as bedding, clothing, and toys, increasing the risk of re-infection.

In order to prevent recurrent pinworm infections, thorough hygiene practices are essential. This includes washing hands regularly with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom or changing diapers. It is also important to keep fingernails short and clean to minimize the chances of pinworm eggs being trapped underneath them.

Delayed Growth and Development

A pinworm infection can have various effects on a child’s growth and development. Although not all cases result in delayed growth and development, for some children, the infection can interfere with their overall well-being.

Pinworms are parasitic worms that primarily reside in the digestive tract. They lay their eggs in the anal area, leading to intense anal itching, especially at nighttime. This constant itching can disrupt a child’s sleep, causing restlessness and discomfort.

When a child experiences disrupted sleep and discomfort due to pinworm infection, it can affect their appetite and overall nutrition. They may have trouble eating well, leading to reduced caloric intake and potential nutrient deficiencies. This, in turn, can hinder their growth and development.

Additionally, the treatment for pinworm infection may also play a role in delayed growth and development. Antiparasitic medications are commonly prescribed to eliminate the infection. However, these medications can have side effects, such as nausea or loss of appetite, which can further impact a child’s nutritional intake.

It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of the potential effects of pinworm infection on a child’s growth and development. Prompt and appropriate treatment, along with proper hygiene practices, can help address the infection and minimize its impact on a child’s overall well-being.

Complications and Secondary Infections

A pinworm infection, although generally not serious, can sometimes lead to complications and secondary infections. The primary symptom of pinworm infection is itching, particularly around the anus and at night. Constant itching can cause irritation and break the skin, which may lead to bacterial infections.

In some cases, the presence of pinworm eggs in the digestive system can cause discomfort and pain. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, leading to more severe complications. It is especially important to seek medical attention if a child is infected, as they may experience additional complications due to their developing immune systems.

One potential complication of pinworm infection is the disruption of sleep patterns. The urgent need to scratch in response to the itching can cause restlessness and difficulty sleeping. This may result in daytime fatigue and decreased concentration, which can impact a person’s overall well-being and quality of life.

Treatment for pinworm infection typically involves medication to kill the adult worms and their eggs. It is important to follow the prescribed treatment regimen to ensure complete eradication of the infection. Failure to do so can lead to reinfection and an increased risk of complications and secondary infections.

In conclusion, while pinworm infection is generally not a serious condition, complications and secondary infections can arise if the infection is left untreated. Itching, restlessness, and discomfort are common symptoms associated with pinworm infection, especially in children. Seeking medical attention and following the prescribed treatment plan is crucial to prevent complications and ensure a full recovery.

Q&A:

What are the common symptoms of pinworm infection?

The common symptoms of pinworm infection include itching around the anus or vagina, restlessness and difficulty sleeping, irritability, abdominal pain or discomfort, and occasional nausea or vomiting.

How can I treat pinworm infection?

Pinworm infection can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription medication. It is important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional and complete the full course of treatment to ensure eradication of the infection.

Can pinworm infection be prevented?

Pinworm infection can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, such as frequently washing hands with soap and water, keeping fingernails short, and regularly changing and washing bedding and clothing. It is also important to avoid scratching the anal or vaginal area to prevent the spread of the infection.

Are pinworm infections more common in children?

Pinworm infections are more common in children, especially those between the ages of 5 to 10 years. This is due to the close contact and hygiene practices in schools and childcare settings, which can facilitate the spread of the infection.

What can happen if pinworm infection is left untreated?

If left untreated, pinworm infection can persist and cause persistent itching, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as secondary bacterial skin infections or urinary tract infections. Prompt treatment is important to prevent these complications.

What are the common symptoms of pinworm infection?

The common symptoms of pinworm infection include itching around the anus or vagina, restlessness and difficulties sleeping, irritability, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

What causes pinworm infection?

Pinworm infection is caused by a type of parasitic worm called Enterobius vermicularis. It is most commonly spread through the ingestion of pinworm eggs, which can be found on contaminated surfaces or objects.