Infection of Ingrown Toenail

An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain and discomfort for many individuals. While the exact cause of ingrown toenails is often related to the improper trimming of the toenail, it can also be caused by trauma, tight-fitting shoes, or natural nail shape. If left untreated, an ingrown toenail can lead to infection and more severe complications.

One of the most common symptoms of an infected ingrown toenail is swelling and redness around the affected area. This can be accompanied by tenderness and pain when pressure is applied to the toe. In some cases, the infection may spread, causing pus or drainage to occur. It is important to seek medical attention from a podiatrist if you notice any signs of infection to prevent further complications.

Treatment for an infected ingrown toenail may vary depending on the severity of the infection. In mild cases, soaking the foot in warm water and applying a topical antibiotic may be sufficient. In more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed to help clear the infection. However, if the infection persists or becomes chronic, surgical intervention may be necessary. A podiatrist can perform a procedure to remove part or all of the ingrown toenail, relieving the pain and preventing future occurrences.

An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin. This condition can cause pain, swelling, redness, and sometimes infection. If left untreated, an infected ingrown toenail can lead to more serious complications.

Symptoms of Infection

When an ingrown toenail becomes infected, it may produce symptoms such as:

Persistent pain and tenderness
Increased swelling and redness
Drainage of pus or other fluids
Warmth and increased sensitivity

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek treatment from a podiatrist or healthcare professional.

Treatment Options

If an infected ingrown toenail is diagnosed, there are several treatment options available:

1. Antibiotics: In cases of mild infection, oral antibiotics may be prescribed to help fight off the infection.

2. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate the discomfort associated with an infected ingrown toenail.

3. Warm Water Soaks: Soaking the foot in warm water several times a day can help reduce swelling and promote healing.

4. Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, a podiatrist may recommend a surgical procedure to remove the ingrown portion of the toenail.

In conclusion, an infected ingrown toenail can be a painful and potentially serious condition. Seeking prompt treatment from a healthcare professional is important to prevent further complications.

Causes

Ingrown toenails occur when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin rather than outward. This can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. There are several factors that can contribute to the development of an ingrown toenail:

Improper toenail trimming

Trimming the toenails too short or rounding the edges can increase the risk of an ingrown toenail. It is important to cut the nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short.

Trauma or injury

An injury to the toenail, such as stubbing it or dropping something heavy on it, can cause the nail to grow improperly and become ingrown.

Poorly fitting shoes

Wearing shoes that are too tight or narrow can put pressure on the toes and cause the toenails to grow inward. It is important to choose shoes that allow for proper toe space and avoid shoes that squeeze or crowd the toes.

Genetics

Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing ingrown toenails. If there is a family history of ingrown toenails, there is a higher likelihood of experiencing the condition.

Foot structure

Individuals with certain foot structures may be more prone to ingrown toenails. For example, individuals with naturally curved or curved toenails may be more susceptible to developing ingrown toenails.

Pre-existing conditions

Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or fungal nail infections, can increase the risk of developing an ingrown toenail. These conditions can affect the health and structure of the toenails, making them more prone to ingrowth.

If left untreated, an ingrown toenail can become infected. Infection can cause increased pain, swelling, and drainage of pus. In severe cases, an infection can spread and lead to cellulitis or abscess formation. It is important to seek medical attention from a podiatrist if an ingrown toenail becomes infected. Treatment may include antibiotics, removal of the ingrown portion of the toenail, and recommendations for preventive care to avoid future ingrown toenails.

Symptoms

An infection of an ingrown toenail can cause a range of symptoms that may worsen over time if left untreated.

Swelling and Redness

One of the most common symptoms of an infected ingrown toenail is swelling and redness around the affected area. The swelling is often accompanied by pain and tenderness.

If you notice that your toe appears swollen and the skin around the ingrown toenail is red and feels warm to the touch, it is likely that an infection has developed.

Pus or Drainage

In some cases, an infected ingrown toenail may produce pus or drainage. This is a clear indication that the infection has progressed and requires immediate attention.

If you notice any yellowish or greenish discharge coming from the affected area, it is important to seek medical help as soon as possible.

Increased Pain

As the infection worsens, the pain associated with an ingrown toenail may become more intense. The pressure from the ingrown nail and the growing infection can lead to throbbing pain that can interfere with daily activities.

If you experience increasing pain in your toe, especially when walking or wearing shoes, it is advisable to see a podiatrist for further evaluation and treatment.

Systemic Symptoms

In severe cases, an infection of an ingrown toenail can cause systemic symptoms, such as fever and chills. These symptoms suggest that the infection has spread beyond the toe and may require urgent medical intervention.

If you develop a fever or experience chills alongside the other symptoms of an infected ingrown toenail, it is important to seek medical attention to prevent further complications.

In some cases, minor infections of ingrown toenails can be treated at home with warm soaks and proper nail care. However, if the symptoms worsen or do not improve within a few days, it may be necessary to consult a podiatrist for additional treatment options, such as antibiotics or surgery.

Treatment

When an ingrown toenail becomes infected, prompt treatment is necessary to prevent further complications. The approach to treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual’s overall health.

1. Conservative Treatment

In mild cases of infection, conservative treatment options may be effective in helping to alleviate symptoms and resolve the infection without the need for more invasive methods. This typically involves:

– Soaking the affected toe in warm water several times a day to reduce pain and swelling.

– Keeping the toe clean and dry to prevent further infection.

– Applying over-the-counter antibiotic ointments to the affected area to help fight the infection.

– Wearing properly fitted shoes and avoiding tight footwear to reduce pressure on the toe.

– Taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to manage pain and reduce inflammation.

2. Professional Treatment

In more severe cases, professional treatment from a podiatrist may be necessary. A podiatrist can provide a range of treatment options, including:

– Trimming or lifting the ingrown portion of the toenail to relieve pressure and promote proper growth.

– Prescribing oral or topical antibiotics to help fight the infection.

– Ruling out any underlying conditions, such as diabetes, that may be contributing to the infection.

3. Surgical Treatment

In severe or recurrent cases of ingrown toenail infection, surgery may be required. Surgical treatments for infected ingrown toenails may include:

– Partial nail plate avulsion: This procedure involves removing the portion of the toenail causing the infection.

– Total nail plate avulsion: In some cases, the entire toenail may need to be removed to prevent further infection.

– Nail matrix phenolization: This procedure involves applying phenol to the nail matrix to prevent regrowth of the ingrown portion of the toenail.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for an infected ingrown toenail. Delaying treatment or attempting to treat the infection at home may lead to the progression of symptoms and further complications.

Prevention

To prevent an ingrown toenail from becoming infected, it is important to take proactive steps to keep your feet healthy. Here are some preventive measures you can take:

Proper nail trimming: Trim your toenails straight across and avoid cutting them too short. Don’t round the corners, as this can encourage the nail to grow into the skin.
Avoid tight shoes: Wear shoes that fit properly and provide enough room for your toes. Tight shoes can squeeze the toes, leading to pressure on the toenails.
Maintain good foot hygiene: Keep your feet clean and dry. Wash your feet daily with mild soap and warm water, and make sure to thoroughly dry them, especially between the toes.
Moisturize: Apply a moisturizing cream or lotion to your feet to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness. Dry skin can crack and create an entry point for infection.
Avoid trauma: Be cautious when engaging in activities that may cause trauma to your toes, such as kicking or stubbing them. Protect your feet by wearing appropriate shoes or using protective equipment.
Seek professional help: If you have difficulty trimming your nails or notice any signs of an ingrown toenail, consult a podiatrist. A podiatrist can provide proper guidance on how to manage your ingrown toenail and may recommend treatment options such as surgical intervention, antibiotics, or other appropriate treatments.

By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of developing an infection and maintain the health of your feet.

Risk Factors

There are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing an infection from an ingrown toenail:

Improper trimming: Cutting your toenails too short or rounding the edges can cause the nail to grow into the surrounding skin, increasing the risk of an infection.
Trauma: Stubbing your toe or dropping something heavy on it can lead to an ingrown toenail and subsequent infection.
Genetic predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing ingrown toenails, making them more prone to infections.
Poor foot hygiene: Failing to keep your feet clean and dry can create an environment that is conducive to bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection.
Wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes: Shoes that put pressure on the toes can cause the nails to become ingrown, leading to infection.
Diabetes: People with diabetes have an increased risk of complications from ingrown toenails, including infection, due to poor circulation and compromised immune systems.

If you experience redness, pain, swelling, or signs of infection around an ingrown toenail, it is important to seek medical attention from a podiatrist. They can provide proper treatment, such as antibiotics, and may recommend surgical intervention if necessary.

Complications

In some cases, an ingrown toenail can lead to complications that may require medical intervention. It is important to seek help from a podiatrist if any of the following complications occur:

Swelling and Pain

If an ingrown toenail becomes infected, it can cause significant swelling and pain. The toe may become red, tender, and warm to the touch. In severe cases, there may be pus or drainage present. This can make it difficult to walk or wear shoes comfortably.

Spread of Infection

If left untreated, an infected ingrown toenail can spread to the surrounding skin or deeper tissues. The infection can potentially spread to the bloodstream, leading to a more serious condition called cellulitis. Cellulitis can cause fever, chills, and systemic symptoms.

In some cases, the infection may also spread to the bone, leading to a condition known as osteomyelitis. This can be a very serious complication and may require surgical intervention.

Chronic Infection

If an ingrown toenail becomes chronically infected, it can lead to recurrent episodes of pain and inflammation. This can affect the quality of life and may require ongoing treatment.

Need for Antibiotics

In cases of severe infection, antibiotics may be necessary to control the spread of bacteria. Oral antibiotics are typically prescribed by a healthcare professional to help eliminate the infection.

Surgery

In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to resolve a chronic or severe ingrown toenail. The procedure, known as a partial nail avulsion, involves removing a portion of the nail and sometimes the underlying nail bed. This can help alleviate the underlying cause of the ingrown toenail and prevent future recurrences.

Overall, it is important to address an ingrown toenail promptly to prevent complications and ensure proper treatment. Seeking care from a podiatrist can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications.

Complication	Description
Swelling and Pain	An infected ingrown toenail can cause significant swelling, tenderness, and pain.
Spread of Infection	If left untreated, an infection can spread to the surrounding skin, deeper tissues, or even the bloodstream.
Chronic Infection	An ingrown toenail that becomes chronically infected can lead to recurrent episodes of pain and inflammation.
Need for Antibiotics	Severe infections may require antibiotics to help eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.
Surgery	In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to resolve a chronic or severe ingrown toenail.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an infection of an ingrown toenail typically involves a physical examination and a review of symptoms. The doctor will examine the affected toe for signs of redness, swelling, and pain. They may also assess the severity of the ingrown toenail and any visible signs of infection, such as pus or drainage.

In some cases, the doctor may order a laboratory test, such as a culture or a microscopic examination of the affected area, to confirm the presence of bacteria or fungi. This can help determine the appropriate treatment, especially if antibiotics are necessary.

If the infection is severe or recurrent, the doctor may recommend an X-ray to evaluate the extent of the infection and assess any underlying bone or tissue damage. This can help determine if surgical intervention is necessary to treat the ingrown toenail and prevent further complications.

Overall, a proper diagnosis is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for an infection of an ingrown toenail. Through careful evaluation and testing, healthcare professionals can effectively address the underlying cause of the infection and provide relief from symptoms.

Home Remedies

If you have a mild case of an infection from an ingrown toenail, there are some home remedies you can try before seeking medical treatment. These remedies can help alleviate redness, swelling, and pain associated with an infected ingrown toenail. However, it’s important to note that if the infection worsens or if you have a severe case, you should consult a podiatrist or seek medical attention.

Soaking the affected toe

Soaking the affected toe in warm water can help reduce redness and swelling. Fill a basin with warm water and add a small amount of Epsom salt if desired. Soak your foot for 15-20 minutes, allowing the warm water to penetrate the skin and promote healing.

Applying a warm compress

Placing a warm compress on the infected area can also help alleviate symptoms. You can use a clean washcloth soaked in warm water, or a hot water bottle wrapped in a towel. Apply the warm compress to the toe for 10-15 minutes, several times a day.

⚠️ Important: Make sure the water or compress is not too hot as it may cause burns or further damage to the infected area.

Using over-the-counter treatments

There are various over-the-counter treatments available that can help with the pain and infection. These include topical antibiotic ointments, which can help prevent further infection, and over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate discomfort.

Note: Remember to carefully read and follow the instructions on the packaging of any over-the-counter treatments.

While these home remedies can provide temporary relief, it’s important to remember that they do not treat the underlying cause of an ingrown toenail. If your symptoms worsen or persist, it’s best to consult a podiatrist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the ingrown toenail and prevent future infections.

Professional Treatment

If you’re experiencing an infection of an ingrown toenail, it’s best to seek professional treatment to avoid complications. A podiatrist, who specializes in foot and ankle conditions, can provide appropriate care and help alleviate your symptoms.

During your visit, a podiatrist will assess the severity of the infection and determine the most suitable treatment plan. They may prescribe oral antibiotics to combat the infection and reduce swelling. These medications can help eliminate bacteria that have entered the nail bed and minimize pain and discomfort.

In some cases, a podiatrist may recommend a minor surgical procedure to treat the ingrown toenail. This procedure involves removing a portion of the affected toenail to relieve pressure and allow for proper healing. The podiatrist may also address any underlying factors that contribute to the development of ingrown nails, such as nail shape or excessive nail trimming.

After the surgery, the podiatrist will provide instructions on wound care to prevent further infection. They may also recommend specific steps to promote healing, such as soaking the foot in warm water and applying antibiotic ointment. Following these instructions will aid in the recovery process and help prevent future occurrences of ingrown toenails.

If you’re experiencing persistent pain, swelling, or signs of infection associated with an ingrown toenail, it’s essential to consult a podiatrist for professional treatment. They can provide the necessary care and guidance needed to resolve the issue and prevent complications.

Surgical Options

When conservative treatments fail to relieve the pain, redness, and swelling associated with an infected ingrown toenail, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical options for treating an infected ingrown toenail include:

Partial Nail Removal

Partial nail removal, also known as a partial nail avulsion, is a common surgical procedure performed by a podiatrist. During this procedure, the infected portion of the toenail is removed, providing relief from pain and preventing further infection. The toe is then treated with antibiotics to eliminate any remaining infection.

Complete Nail Removal

In some cases, a complete nail removal may be necessary if the infection is severe or recurring. During a complete nail removal, the entire toenail is removed, including the infected portion, the nail bed, and the nail matrix. This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, and the wound is then treated with antibiotics to prevent infection.

Both partial and complete nail removal procedures are usually performed as outpatient procedures, meaning the patient can usually go home the same day. After the surgery, it is important to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by the podiatrist to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.

If you are experiencing the symptoms of an infected ingrown toenail that does not respond to conservative treatments, it is recommended to consult with a podiatrist to discuss surgical options and determine the best course of treatment for your specific case.

Prognosis

The prognosis for an infection of an ingrown toenail will vary depending on the severity of the infection and the promptness of treatment. In mild cases, home remedies and conservative measures may be sufficient to alleviate pain and swelling. However, if the infection worsens or spreads, medical intervention may be necessary.

A podiatrist may recommend surgical intervention to remove the ingrown toenail and treat the infection. This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and aims to permanently correct the issue. Following surgery, the prognosis is generally excellent, with most individuals experiencing relief from pain and improved healing.

If the infection is severe or has spread to nearby tissues, antibiotics may be prescribed. It is important to carefully follow the prescribed course of antibiotics to completely eradicate the infection and prevent recurrence.

Overall, with proper treatment and adherence to post-treatment care instructions, the prognosis for an infection of an ingrown toenail is usually good. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms worsen or do not improve with home remedies.

Recovery Time

Recovering from an infection of an ingrown toenail typically depends on the severity of the infection and the treatment method used. In general, the recovery time can range from several days to a few weeks.

Surgical Treatment:

If the infection is severe or recurrent, your podiatrist may recommend surgical intervention. The recovery time after surgery can vary, but it commonly takes around 2 to 4 weeks to fully heal. During this time, it is essential to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by your doctor.

After surgery, you may experience some swelling, redness, and pain in the area. It is crucial to keep the surgical site clean and dry to prevent any further infection. Your podiatrist may prescribe antibiotics to help speed up the healing process and minimize the risk of infection.

Non-Surgical Treatment:

If the infection is mild and there are no signs of abscess or cellulitis, non-surgical treatments may be recommended. This can include soaking the affected toe in warm water and applying a topical antibiotic ointment. It is important to keep the area clean and dry to promote healing.

The recovery time for non-surgical treatments can vary, but it is typically shorter than surgical treatment. With proper care and treatment, symptoms may improve within a few days to a week.

During the recovery period, it is important to wear comfortable shoes that provide enough room for your toes to avoid putting pressure on the affected area. It is also advisable to avoid activities that may worsen the condition, such as excessive walking or running.

It is essential to follow up with your podiatrist during the recovery period to monitor your progress and ensure proper healing. If you experience any prolonged or worsening symptoms, such as increasing pain, pus discharge, or fever, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.

When to See a Doctor

If you are experiencing severe pain, swelling, or redness around your toenail, it may be a sign of an infected ingrown toenail. In some cases, the infection can spread to the surrounding skin or even into the bloodstream if left untreated.

If you have tried home remedies such as soaking your foot in warm water and applying antibiotic ointment, but the symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to seek medical attention. A podiatrist, also known as a foot doctor, can evaluate the ingrown toenail and determine the best course of treatment.

In some cases, the podiatrist may recommend a minor surgical procedure to remove the portion of the toenail that is causing the problem. This can help alleviate pain and prevent further infection. The procedure is typically done under local anesthesia and has a high success rate.

If the infection is severe or has spread beyond the toenail, your doctor may prescribe oral antibiotics to help fight the infection. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics as directed, even if you start to feel better, to ensure that the infection is fully eradicated.

Overall, it is important to see a doctor if you have an infected ingrown toenail to prevent complications and promote healing. Prompt medical attention can help alleviate pain, reduce the risk of further infection, and provide effective treatment options.

Summary

Infection of an ingrown toenail occurs when the skin around the toenail becomes red, swollen, and painful. This condition is caused by the toenail growing into the surrounding skin, which can lead to an infection if left untreated. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the ingrown toenail.

Symptoms of an infected ingrown toenail include redness, swelling, and pain around the affected toe. If the infection is not treated, it can spread and cause further complications, such as an abscess or cellulitis.

Treatment for an infected ingrown toenail often involves soaking the foot in warm water and applying antibiotic ointment to prevent the infection from spreading. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed by a medical professional to clear the infection.

If the ingrown toenail is severe or recurring, a podiatrist may recommend a surgical procedure to remove the affected nail. This can help prevent future infections and provide long-term relief from the pain and discomfort associated with ingrown toenails.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have an infected ingrown toenail, as prompt treatment can help prevent complications and ensure proper healing.

Expert Opinion

Pain, redness, and infection in an ingrown toenail should not be ignored. If you are experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention from a podiatrist as soon as possible. The podiatrist will be able to evaluate the severity of the ingrown toenail and recommend the appropriate treatment.

If caught early, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection. This can help prevent the infection from spreading and reduce pain and inflammation.

In more severe cases, or if the infection does not respond to antibiotics, surgery may be necessary. This involves removing a portion or the entire ingrown toenail. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and can provide long-term relief.

In any case, it is important not to attempt to treat an ingrown toenail at home. Improper home treatments can worsen the condition and lead to further complications. It is best to leave the treatment to a qualified podiatrist.

Remember, early intervention is key to preventing complications and promoting healing in cases of ingrown toenails. If you are experiencing pain, redness, or signs of infection, schedule an appointment with a podiatrist for proper evaluation and treatment.

References

1. World Health Organization. Ingrown toenail. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ingrown-toenail.

Research Studies

3. Rounding C, Bloom B, Steele B, et al. The effects of percutaneous phenol on ingrown toenails treated by matricectomy: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2015;8:26. Published 2015 Jul 17. doi:10.1186/s13047-015-0086-7.

Medical Journals

4. Bhakta P, Ma L. Ingrown toenails. [Updated 2021 Dec 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513300/.

Author(s)	Title	Journal	Year	Volume	Issue	Pages	DOI
Bhakta P, Ma L.	Ingrown toenails.	StatPearls	2022	–	–	–	–
Rounding C, Bloom B, Steele B, et al.	The effects of percutaneous phenol on ingrown toenails treated by matricectomy: a systematic review.	J Foot Ankle Res.	2015	8	–	26	10.1186/s13047-015-0086-7

Question and answer:

What causes an ingrown toenail infection?

Ingrown toenail infection is usually caused by improper nail trimming, wearing tight shoes, or injury to the toenail.

What are the symptoms of an infection in an ingrown toenail?

The symptoms of an infected ingrown toenail include pain, redness, swelling, drainage of pus, and an unpleasant odor.

How can I prevent an infection in an ingrown toenail?

To prevent an infection in an ingrown toenail, you should trim your nails straight across, wear properly fitting shoes, and avoid injuring your toenails.

Can I treat an infected ingrown toenail at home?

Mild cases of infected ingrown toenails can be treated at home by soaking the foot in warm water, applying antibiotic ointment, and using a clean bandage. However, severe infections may require medical intervention.

When should I see a doctor for an infected ingrown toenail?

You should see a doctor for an infected ingrown toenail if the pain and redness persist and if there is a presence of pus or an unpleasant odor. Additionally, if you have diabetes or a compromised immune system, it is important to seek medical attention.

What causes an infection in an ingrown toenail?

An infection in an ingrown toenail can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that enter the area where the nail is growing into the skin. Poor hygiene, tight shoes, and improper trimming of the nails can also contribute to the development of an infection.